Team creativity/innovation in culturally diverse teams: A meta‐analysis

This meta‐analysis investigates the direction and strength of the relationship between diversity in culturally diverse teams and team creativity/innovation. We distinguish the effects of two diversity levels (i.e., surface level vs. deep level) in culturally diverse teams and examine the moderators suggested by the socio‐technical systems framework (i.e., team virtuality and task characteristics in terms of task interdependence, complexity, and intellectiveness). Surface‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams is not related to team creativity/innovation, whereas deep‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams is positively related to team creativity/innovation. Moreover, surface‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams and team creativity/innovation are negatively related for simple tasks but unrelated for complex tasks. Deep‐level diversity in culturally diverse teams and team creativity/innovation is positively related for collocated teams and interdependent tasks but unrelated for noncollocated teams and independent tasks. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications.     

“消防给水排水”课程教学方法改革与实践

针对国家和社会对高素质专业化消防工程技术人才的迫切需求以及“消防给水排水”课程教学策略和方法中存在的主要问题,笔者结合自身的教学经验,分析了“消防给水排水”课程教学改革的重要意义,提出了该课程教学改革的具体思路和实施方案,在实际教学过程中取得了非常好的效果。     

含氰废水深井注入技术的可行性研究

利用大庆油田特殊的地质构造,将氰化物浓度０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ的含氰废水注入油田边水构造。通过储层砂体吸附和渗透率损害实验,证明储层对氰化物有吸附作用,不同平衡浓度下砂体的静态吸附量为４．８８μｇ／ｇ,动态吸附量为２．８３７μｇ／ｇ,氰化物不堵塞地层,根据注入井与注入井、注入井与采油井之间距离的不同,共布设８种注入方案。设计注入井的注入量为２１０ｍ^３／ｄ,采油井的产液量为１０５ｍ^３／ｄ,以采油井采出氰化物浓度０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ为限定值,基于动态吸附实验结果和边水对氰化物的稀释作用,应用聚合物驱油模型计算最佳的注入方案,该方案为注入井之间的间距１．０ｋｍ,注入井与采油井之间的间距为２．５ｋｍ,注入年限为５４年。研究结果表明,在大庆油田实施含氰废水的深井注入是可行的。既达到处理含氰废水的目的,又利用含氰废水驱替原油,具有实用价值和推广作用。     

复合土工合成材料在垃圾填埋场中的应用

介绍复合土工合成材料排水/气垫层在垃圾填埋场中的应用情况。对材料的渗透率、抗剪强度、长期折减系数等关键指标进行详细研究,给出基本的设计步骤。并对复合土工合成材料试验、施工和选材等进行讨论并给出建议。     

北京地铁义和庄站基坑支护结构及变形监测

结合北京地铁义和庄站深基坑支护变形监测方案,并通过大量实测数据对基坑的水平变形、钢支撑和锚索拉力变化规律进行了研究;并比较排桩、内支撑与排桩、锚索两种支护形式的变形差异.监测结果表明:围护结构的变形增量主要发生在基坑深层土体开挖及支撑结构架设前后阶段,在开挖至坑底后变形趋于稳定;支撑内力增加影响因素较多,包括地面堆载及温度影响;围护结构变形与支撑轴力变化具有显著的关联性;桩撑与桩锚支护结构的变形具有一定的差异性.     

Microbial communities in acid water environments of two mines, China

To understand the compositions and structures of microbial communities in different acid-aqueous environments, a PCR-based cloning approach was used. A total of five samples were collected from two mines in China. Two samples, named as G1 and G2, were acid mine drainage (AMD) samples and from Yunfu sulfide mine in Guangdong province, China. The rest of the three samples named as D1, DY and D3, were from three sites undertaking bioleaching in Yinshan lead-zinc mine in Jiangxi province, China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that bacteria in the five samples fell into six putative divisions, which were α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Nitrospira. Archaea was only detected in the three samples from Yinshan lead-zinc mine, which fell into two phylogenentic divisions, Thermoplsma and Ferroplasma. In addition, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that more similar the geochemical properties in samples were, more similar microbial community structures in samples were.     

A novel application of H2O2-Fe(II) process for arsenate removal from synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD) water

Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the influences of H₂O₂/Fe(II) molar ratio, pH, sequence of pH adjustment, initial As(V) concentration, and interfering ions on As(V) removal in H₂O₂-Fe(II) process from synthetic acid mine drainage (AMD). The optimum H₂O₂/Fe(II) molar ratio was one for arsenate removal over the pH range of 4-7. Arsenate removal at pH 3 was poor even at high Fe(II) dosage due to the high solubility of Fe(III) formed in situ. With the increase of Fe(II) dosage, arsenate removal increased progressively before a plateau was reached at pH 5 as arsenate concentration varied from 0.05 to 2.0 mg L⁻¹. However, arsenate removal was negligible at Fe/As molar ratio <3 and then experienced a striking increase before a plateau was reached at pH 7 and arsenate concentration ≥1.0 mg L⁻¹. The co-occurring ions exerted no significant effect on arsenate removal at pH 5. The experimental results with synthetic AMD revealed that this method is highly selective for arsenate removal and the co-occurring ions either improved arsenate removal or slightly depressed arsenate removal at pH 5-7. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) derived As-Fe length, 3.27-3.30 Å, indicated that arsenate was removed by forming bidentate-binuclear complexes with FeO(OH) octahydra. The economic analysis revealed that the cost of the H₂O₂-Fe(II) process was only 17-32% of that of conventional Fe(III) coagulation process to achieve arsenate concentration below 10 μg L⁻¹ in treated solution. The results suggested that the H₂O₂-Fe(II) process is an efficient, economical, selective and practical method for arsenate removal from AMD.     

Comparison of benthic macroinvertebrate indices for the assessment of the impact of acid mine drainage on an Irish river below an abandoned Cu-S mine

A range of macroinvertebrate indices were compared to assess the most appropriate metric for the assessment of acid mine drainage (AMD) in a low alkalinity, highly erosional river in south-east Ireland. Differences were found in the ability of indices to discriminate AMD impact with the Brillouin, BMWP score, Margalef and Shannon Indices the most precise. Taxon richness was also strongly correlated with AMD indicator parameters (e.g. pH alkalinity, sulphate, Zn and Fe) at impacted sites being an equally reliable metric. The response of the community structure to AMD in this river does not fulfil the optimum criteria for either diversity or biological indices, which may explain the variation in the success of different indices seen in this and other studies. The development of indices that model the expected community response to AMD more accurately or are based on the response of indicator species to AMD pollutants are required.     

Simulation of Daily Flow Pathways,Tile‐Drain Nitrate Concentrations,and Soil‐Nitrogen Dynamics Using SWAT

Tile drainage significantly alters flow and nutrient pathways and reliable simulation at this scale is needed for effective planning of nutrient reduction strategies. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been widely utilized for prediction of flow and nutrient loads, but few applications have evaluated the model's ability to simulate pathway‐specific flow components or nitrate‐nitrogen (NO₃‐N) concentrations in tile‐drained watersheds at the daily time step. The objectives of this study were to develop and calibrate SWAT models for small, tile‐drained watersheds, evaluate model performance for simulation of flow components and NO₃‐N concentration at daily intervals, and evaluate simulated soil‐nitrogen dynamics. Model evaluation revealed that it is possible to meet accepted performance criteria for simulation of monthly total flow, subsurface flow (SSF), and NO₃‐N loads while obtaining daily surface runoff (SURQ), SSF, and NO₃‐N concentrations that are not satisfactory. This limits model utility for simulating best management practices (BMPs) and compliance with water quality standards. Although SWAT simulates the soil N‐cycle and most predicted fluxes were within ranges reported in agronomic studies, improvements to algorithms for soil‐N processes are needed. Variability in N fluxes is extreme and better parameterization and constraint, through use of more detailed agronomic data, would also improve NO₃‐N simulation in SWAT. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

PPS滤布对柴油机排放PM的过滤效率

基于柴油机实验台架和颗粒捕集装置,采用聚苯硫醚(PPS)针刺毡滤布过滤柴油机排放的颗粒物(PM)。利用称重法,以Whatman玻璃纤维滤纸为对比滤纸,间接测试了3种PPS滤布的过滤效率;同时实验探索了表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间。实验结果表明,3种滤布在180℃的加热条件下将出现颜色和形态的变化;3种滤布在深床过滤期对PM的平均过滤效率分别为78.8%、76.9%和83.7%;表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间为15~20 min,此后其过滤效率可接近100%。