浅谈安全生产标准化建设

阐述了大冶有色金属公司安全生产标准化建设内容，安全生产标准制定准则，建设体系以及建设效果，为现代企业安全生产管理积累了经验，可供借鉴。     

高频超声波降解4-氯酚的反应机理及试验研究

探讨了高频超声波（1.7MHz)降解4-氯酚的反应过程和反应机理，研究了高频超声波降解4-氯酚的效果及4-氯酚的初始浓度，高级氧化方法（AOPs)等因素对降解效果的影响。试验结果表明，高频超声波降解4-氯酚为一级反应，超声波空化效应在降解过程中起主导作用。超声波与其他氧化方法联用可大大提高降解效率。具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Dynamics of Bacterial Abundance,Biomass, Activity,and Community Composition in the Oligotrophic Traunsee and the Traun River (Austria)

The holomictic Traunsee is the deepest and second largest lakein Austria. The special characteristic of this ecosystem isthe fact that local salt and soda industries presumably alterthe lake by the discharge of waste materials. Since thebeginning of the 20th century salt and soda works areannually releasing up to 50,000 tons of solid wastes and up to150,000 tons of chloride into Traunsee. To assess potentialeffects of these anthropogenic impacts on the bacterioplanktonthree sampling sites, influenced as well as not influenced bythe industrial discharge, were chosen for comparison andsampled monthly from November 1997 to October 1998. Bacterialabundance ranged between 0.4 to 3.0 × 10⁶ cells ml^-1 with decreasing numbers along the depth profile. Theproportion of actively respiring bacteria, i.e. INT [2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride]reducing cells, never exceeded 10% of DAPI (4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stained cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine the seasonal and spatial distribution of dominant phylogenetic groups of thebacterioplankton. Up to 84% of bacteria detected with DAPIcould be detected via FISH applying the universal bacterialprobe EUB338. Percentages of alpha- and beta-Proteobacteriaand members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster did notexceed 60% of DAPI-stained cells.Beta-Proteobacteriaappeared to be the most abundant group, not only in Traunsee butalso in two reference lakes, Attersee and Hallstättersee. No significant differences in any of the bacterial parameters couldbe detected between the three sampling sites and all measurementswere found in the range reported for oligotrophic lakes. The highdischarge of the Traun River, resulting in a lake water renewaltime of only one year, may diminish possible effects of industrial waste discharge in the pelagic zone.     

Chemical Changes in Sediment Pore-Waters of an Acidic Mining Lake After Addition of Organic Substrate and Lime for Stimulating Lake Remediation

In the past five years, enclosures have beeninstalled in an acidic mining lake in Lusatia to investigate insitu remediation processes. They were treated with straw, withstraw and Carbokalk, or with Carbokalk alone, where Carbokalkis a by-product of the sugar industry (solid precipitate ofnon-sugars after lime clarification of extracted sugar beetjuice). Sediment samples were taken as cores to get informationabout the behaviour of organic and inorganic components insediment pore-water with depth. Vertical distributions of pH,soluble reactive phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, silica,aluminium, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium,potassium, sulphate, and DOC were measured. The resultingprofiles, each consisting of 15 data points at differentdepths, were compared by cluster analysis. The similarities ofsediment cores from different treated enclosures relating toprofiles of chemical components were discussed. Increasedconcentrations of potassium and sulphate were found in pore-water after substrate treatment. The data imply dissolution ofpotassium iron sulphate hydroxide minerals (jarosite) after anincrease of pH caused by dissolution of lime and by sulphatereducing processes which were stimulated by organic substrateaddition.     

Degradation of Monophenylheptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 2,6-cis-Diphenylhexamethylcycloterasiloxane in Londo Soil

The natural degradation of monophenylheptamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 2,6-cis-diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in soil was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Both monophenyl and 2,6-cis underwent rapid degradation in dry soil generating the same products in varying proportions. During the first 24 hr, approximately 99% of the two materials underwent significant chemical transformations forming silanols of various structures, dimethyl cyclic siloxanes of the structure (Me₂SiO)x, and rearrangement products (geometrical isomers) of diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Among the silanols, the following were identified as trimethylsilyl derivatives: HOSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOH, HOSiMe₂OSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOSiMePhOH, HOSiMe₂OSiMe₂OSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOSiMe₂OSiMe₂OH, HOSiMe₂OSiMePhOSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhSiMe₂OSiMePhOH, HOSiMePhOSiMePhOSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOSiMe₂OSiMe₂OSiMe₂OH, HOSiMe₂OSiMePhOSiMe₂OSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOSiMe₂OSiMePhOSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOSiMePhOSiMe₂OSiMe₂OH, HOSiMePhOSiMe₂OSiMe₂OSiMePhOH, HOSiMe₂OSiMePh-OSiMePhOSiMe₂OH. Derivatization was carried out using bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) analyses were used to derive structures. Structures were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry comparisons of synthetic standards. Degradation was slower in wet soil. Nevertheless, in 14 days, the chemical transformation was essentially found to be complete as soil was allowed to dry. Detection of phenol as one of the degradation products revealed the occurrence of carbon–silicon bond cleavage promoted by soil.     

间接电化学降解亚甲基蓝废水的可行性研究

研究以ClO^-／Cl^-作媒介，间接电化学降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水的可行性。结果表明，亚甲基蓝的电化学降解与电极材料、电流密度以及添加剂种类等因素有关。以石墨为阳极，不锈钢为阴极，在无隔膜的烧杯中放置50ml浓度为1000mg/L的亚甲基蓝模拟废水，在室温25℃，pH6．0－8．0，槽电压10V，电流密度30．0mA/cm^2，Cl^-加入量2g/L的条件下，电解60min后，亚甲基蓝溶液的平均消色率达到98．0％，CODcr降解率为97．0％，BOD5降解率为99．0％；用浸涂过MnO2薄膜的石墨棒作阳极可显著加快其消解速率，而用浸涂过CeO2薄膜的石墨棒作阳极对其消解速率无明显的影响。并初步讨论了其降解机理。     

石化废水脱氮技术现状分析

针对石化废水脱氮的现有技术进行归纳,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了对比分析,探讨了目前石化废水的脱氮技术现状和发展趋势。结论是:目前还没有一种通用的方法能处理所有氨氮废水,必须针对不同废水选择不同的技术及工艺。为了更有效地处理废水,应联合使用多种方法和工艺,这已是目前废水处理的一种趋势。     

浅谈安全生产标准化建设

系统阐述了大冶有色金属公司安全生产标准化建设内容、安全生产指标制定准则、建设体系以及建设效果，为现代企业安全生产管理积累了经验，可供借鉴。     

有机废气的臭氧化过程降解及其动力学

实验研究了有机废气中的1.1-二氧乙烯（CH2=CCl2）在101.3kPa和288～308K下气相臭氧化降解过程及其反应动力学。结果表明，总的反应级数是2级，相对于臭氧和二氯乙烯浓度均为1级。反应速率常数可用方程Arrhenius（k2=8.32exp[-389.7/T]）表示。     

陶庄煤矿矿震灾害与防治

本文通过对陶庄煤矿矿区地质构造及矿震分布特征的分析，探讨了矿震的发生条件及其机理，提出了矿震与天然地震的关联性，阐明了矿震的前兆特征及防治措施。