CDM host country institution building

Contrary to earlier forecasts, the global greenhouse gas market will initially be characterised by low prices and a strong competition between the different Kyoto Mechanisms. The CDM involves higher transaction costs than the other mechanisms and has lost a considerable share of its ‘early start’ advantage due to the continuous delays in defining the CDM rules on the international level. Host countries will have to compete intensively for CDM investments. Thus the development of effective institutions is crucial to reap benefits from this market, especially if a unilateral strategy is chosen. Countries should develop approval criteria and sectoral priorities in a broad stakeholder consultation. Moreover, capacity building of local actors, information exchange as well as marketing has to be organised. Experience from several countries shows that clear competencies are crucial to get investor confidence. Long-term professional staff is also an important asset. Fights between ministries will scare off investors. The optimum institution will be a CDM Office that is independent but has full approval powers. A second-best solution is a two-tiered system. A CDM Board with representatives of ministries would define criteria and priorities whereas a CDM Secretariat would evaluate (and possibly approve) project proposals and do outreach and marketing. Small countries would preferably use the existing focal point of the UNFCCC and flexibly involve consultants if project proposalscome in. Even under an optimal institutional structure, CDM projects will only be implemented if financing and contractual issues can be resolved. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型设计

针对水电工程智能安全管控体系建设的问题,根据以信息化建造、数字大坝、智能大坝为特征的发展阶段趋势,运用安全系统理论,结合大数据、人工智能及云计算等最新信息技术,提出水电工程智能安全管理的内涵特征、层次结构、基础要素及技术体系,建立基于安全系统理论的水电工程智能安全管控模型。该模型借助数据感知技术,以推动人、机、环境三元融合为目标,形成基于群智数据协同的水电工程智能安全管控体系。以大渡河金川水电站为例,在该模型下实现了安全管理的风险识别、全面感知、智能管控和实时预警,为水电工程智能安全管控和智慧高效决策提供支撑。     

ECONOMICS OF CONTROLLING NATURAL SALT SOURCES IN THE ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The methodology underlying, and the estimates incorporated in the Corps of Engineers' economic evaluation of the Arkansas River Basin Chloride Control Project are evaluated and judged deficient in several ways. An improperly specified alternative cost analysis probably results in overestimates of the total regional demand for water, the demand for Arkansas River Water, and the cost-savings realized with the project in place. The quantitative effect of these errors is not determined. However, other adjustments are identified which are evaluated using the Corps' data. These adjustments reduce B/C from 2.64 to 0.57; principally as a result of corrections for over-estimates of cost-savings in steam-electric generation, and for use of improper discounting procedures and gross output-earnings ratios.     

浅论危险废物和医疗废物处置项目环评工作中应注意的问题--以阿克苏地区危险废物处理项目为例

危险废物和医疗废物安全处置一直是人们关注的一个问题,以新疆阿克苏地区危险废物和医疗废物处置项目的环评为例,分析讨论了环评工作中应注意的问题,以有效减小废物处置过程中的环境风险,为实现危险废物和医疗废物的无害化集中处置做了有益的探索.     

地理信息系统与海上溢油模型集成研究

将地理信息系统(GIS)技术与溢油模型进行集成,其优点是能发挥GIS在模型参数获取、空间数据分析与管理、模拟结果可视化等方面的优势,使整个溢油建模过程更为便捷。文中介绍了GIS与溢油模型集成的概念,分析了GIS技术在海上溢油模型中的应用实例,给出了一种GIS与溢油模型的紧密集成方案,讨论了两者集成的发展趋势。     

"平退"工程与洞庭湖区湿地生态保护

从考察洞庭湖湿地生态特征入手,探讨了"平退"工程对洞庭湖区湿地生态环境的影响,认为通过"平退"防洪标准较低或影响江湖行蓄洪水的洲滩民垸以扩大江湖槽蓄来提高江湖调蓄洪水的能力,"平退"工程不但不会破坏湖区湿地生态环境,反而会使湖洲草滩及候鸟等越冬环境得到稳定和改善.同时,提出了保护洞庭湖湿地的相关对策.     

基于污水处理厂提标改造需求的难降解工业废水处理工艺改进——以湖南省某城镇污水处理厂为例

以湖南省某城镇污水处理厂一期1.0× 104 m3·d-1提标改造工程项目为案例,针对其进水中工业废水占比高(达80％)、污染物浓度波动大、难降解有机物含量高等特点,在原水解酸化池+AAO+高效沉淀池+纤维转盘滤池工艺的基础上,通过现场中试实验,分析了以臭氧催化氧化+生物活性炭滤池(O3-BAC)作为提标改造主...     

金川矿区岩移与工程稳定性研究及动态预测

针对金川矿区控制性工程所潜在的安全隐患,首先明确了影响矿区控制性工程稳定的主要因素是采动影响,提出了开展岩移规律与动态预测研究的必要性,论述了国内外岩移规律研究的现状及发展趋势,提出了该课题研究的主要内容以及关键技术,最后阐述了课题研究应采用的理论与技术方法.     

深井高温热环境的数值评价

根据井下工作面热环境的特点,采用了数值模拟的方法,对高温巷道中的热环境进行数值模拟计算,并应用预计热舒适指标(PMV)对不同设计参数的井下环境的热舒适程度进行科学的评价,给出了高温巷道中的速度场、温度场、热舒适PMV值。以某矿山高温巷道为实例进行了热环境评价,得出了热环境评价结果。结果表明在温度为40℃的高温巷道中,采用入口处风速为0.8m/s即可满足通风降温的要求,所得结果更具有直观性、准确性,为最优通风降温方案的确定提供了技术依据。     

城市消防规划中线性优化模型的探讨

目前,城市消防规划中普遍存在不考虑项目评估和建设投资优化的问题,造成规划与实际不符,有限投资不能取得最大减灾防灾效益。笔者提出以对规划建设项目进行综合评估为基础,合理确定各项目的建设量以使规划建设总体效益达到最大和以保证各类项目建设比例符合规划要求为基础;合理确定各项目的建设量,以使建设投资最少的两类线性优化模型;并结合具体规划实例,论述了后一种模型在城市消防规划中的应用。探讨目的在于为合理制定城市公共消防设施规划提供科学的决策方法,并为城市消防规划提供新的理论研究方向。