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21.
The study examined the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads.Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(Ⅱ) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non-linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However,the adsorption capacity of Pb(Ⅱ) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), K~+ and Na~+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
22.
Sundström M Bogdanska J Pham HV Athanasios V Nobel S McAlees A Eriksson J DePierre JW Bergman Å 《Chemosphere》2012,87(8):865-871
Here, we describe for the first time the synthesis of [35S] PFOS and [35S] PFBS with sulfur-35 enriched sulfur dioxide as the radiolabelled reagent, resulting in 2.5 and 2.3 mCi of product, respectively. Basic information concerning the physicochemical properties of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are still limited. Hence, we utilized these radiolabelled perfluoroalkanesulfonates (PFSAs), as well as carbon-14 labelled perfluorooctanoic acid ([14C] PFOA) to determine some basic characteristics of physiological and experimental significance.The solubility of PFOS in buffered aqueous solutions at pH 7.4 was found to be severely reduced in the presence of potassium and sodium ions, which, however, did not reduce the solubility of PFOA or PFBS. PFOS was found to adhere to a small extent to polypropylene and polystyrene, whereas no such adhesion of PFOA or PFBS was detected. The extents of adhesion of PFOS and PFOA to glass were found to be 20% and 10%, respectively. For the first time, the partition coefficients for PFOS, PFBS and PFOA between n-octanol and water were determined experimentally, to be −0.7, −0.3, and 1.4, respectively, reflecting the difference in the amphiphilic natures of these molecules. 相似文献
23.
单取代苯衍生物的QSAR研究——分子表面积和活性基团表面积的应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文对30种单取代苯衍生物的结构和毒性关系进行了研究,由于取代基的多样性和性质的各不相同,用量子化学计算所得电子性质参数,拓扑指数和某些经验参数作描述参数,均不能得到好的与毒性的相关性,为此,引入了与取代基相关的取代基活性基团表面积,再加上反映分子总体性质和形状分子表面积及三阶形状指数,所得回归方程较好反映了结构和毒性关系,这也说明了对于单取代苯衍生物,取代基在致毒作用中可能起重要作用。 相似文献
24.
青海弧菌对有毒酚类化合物具有强烈的敏感性,为建立酚类衍生物对青海弧菌毒性的定量结构-活性相关性(QSAR)模型,分析了16种酚类衍生物的分子结构与对青海弧菌毒性之间的相关关系,计算了酚类衍生物的分子连接性指数和分子形状指数,并优化筛选了分子连接性指数的1阶路径指数(~1χ)和分子形状指数的2阶特征指数(K_2)及1阶和2阶指数乘积值(K_4),用这3种指数与对青海弧菌的毒性进行多元回归分析,多元回归方程的决定系数R~2=0.971。为进一步提高预测精度,将这3种分子结构参数作为神经网络的输入变量,毒性值作为输出变量,采用3:2:1的网络结构,通过反向传播(BP)神经网络法获得满意的QSAR预测模型,总的相关系数r为0.996,计算得到的毒性预测值与实验值较为吻合,平均相对误差仅为1.98%,结果表明该模型具有良好的预测酚类衍生物毒性的能力,可以看出神经网络方法对酚类化合物发光菌毒性预测比多元线性回归方法的统计学意义更加明显。 相似文献
25.
Martha P. GarcÍa De Llasera Adriana RodrÍguez-Castillo Luz E. Vera-Avila 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):615-627
The effect of organic matter on the solid-phase extraction (SPE) efficiency for pesticides belonging to different chemical groups (urea-derivatives, carbamates and triazines) and having different polarities, was simultaneously studied for the first time in pure and simulated water samples. SPE was carried out in precolumns packed with C18 silica or styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer PLRP-S phases on-line coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Retention factors in water (k'W) were estimated for 25 compounds and used for the calculation of the theoretical breakthrough volume (VbT) in pure water. Experimental breakthrough volumes (VbE) were first determined using purified and deionized water as the matrix for selected compounds having VbT < 500 mL; then, the same water with an added humic acid sodium salt (HA) at 0.4–5.6 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, was used as the matrix for compounds having VbE < 500 mL in pure water. Several polar pesticides showed negative linear or logarithmic VbE curves depending on HA content; their recoveries were also determined in environmental samples having low dissolved organic carbon values, between 0.5–6.4 mg/L. A similar behavior was observed for these compounds in simulated and natural water samples, where DOC concentration and the percolated volume (Vp) mainly determine the solute recoveries values. However, the variation of recoveries as a function of DOC content could be negative or null depending on the two examined conditions (Vp lower or larger than VbE in pure water). Results demonstrated that breakthrough volume must always be considered to correctly interpret the participation of dissolved humic material on the SPE efficiency of organic micropollutants in water. 相似文献
26.
I. Kádas G. Árvai K. Mikló G. Horváth L. Toke G. Tóth 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):561-566
Abstract Strigol (1) is a natural product that triggers suicidal germination of parasitic Striga species. Here we present an improved annulation sequence for the synthesis of the tricyclic moieties of strigol and its analogues. Our approach makes use of the one‐pot cyclization of 5‐nitro‐2‐pentanone and cyclopent‐2‐enone diesters to afford 7‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐l‐oxo‐hydrindene derivatives. Functional group elaboration of these intermediates leads to a series of hydrindene‐2‐acetic and propionic acids. 相似文献
27.
4-(5-(Methylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (3) and 4-(5-(ethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde (4) were prepared. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antibacterial activities. The synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity. 相似文献
28.
Ghulam Ghaus Choudhry 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):127-171
The formation of covalent binding to DNA of a carcinogen is now widely accepted to represent a classical mechanism of tumour induction in mammals. This mechanism does not operate with metals since no covalent binding of these agents to DNA does occur. Nevertheless, somatic mutations as typical consequences of DNA‐damage have been reported to be induced by metals in various model systems. Beside DNA‐alkylation such damages can be caused by changes in the conformation of DNA or in the fidelity of DNA‐repair. The activity of the repair enzymes DNA‐polymerases is indeed impaired by many metal ions at least in vitro. It is not yet established whether these mechanisms are also important in the intact mammalian organism. Much evidence has accumulated during the last years that a disturbance of the balance of cations and especially metal ions represents another possible mechanism of tumour induction. The tumours found with high doses of chelating agents such as nitrilo‐triacetic acid (NTA) have to be discussed in this context. Since most—if not—all of the speculative mechanisms of metal carcinogenesis resemble classical pharmacological reactions the existence of a threshold level is likely. So metal carcinogenesis will not be a problem of the environmental contamination at trace levels but a problem of occupational medicine. 相似文献
29.
30.
以对叔丁基苯酚为原料合成杯[6]芳烃,再以杯[6]芳烃为母体,通过化学修饰合成得到杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物,采用IR对其结构性能进行了表征,并考察了溶液初始pH值、萃取时间、温度等因素对杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物萃取重金属离子(Pb2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Mn2+)性能的影响.结果表明,在25℃、pH=5.0、萃取时间为20 min的条件下,杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物对各重金属离子的萃取率均达到88%以上,最高萃取率达到96.3%.与杯[6]芳烃相比,杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物对重金属离子的萃取率提高了50%以上. 相似文献