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31.
32.
Pb(II) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads.
Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial
concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion
exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for
chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However,
the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and
Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption
of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between
Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption
capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
33.
34.
以对叔丁基苯酚为原料合成杯[6]芳烃,再以杯[6]芳烃为母体,通过化学修饰合成得到杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物,采用IR对其结构性能进行了表征,并考察了溶液初始pH值、萃取时间、温度等因素对杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物萃取重金属离子(Pb2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Mn2+)性能的影响.结果表明,在25℃、pH=5.0、萃取时间为20 min的条件下,杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物对各重金属离子的萃取率均达到88%以上,最高萃取率达到96.3%.与杯[6]芳烃相比,杯[6]芳烃羟肟衍生物对重金属离子的萃取率提高了50%以上. 相似文献
35.
计算了带7种不同取代基的29种酚取代衍生物的分子表面积。用分子表面积,OH基表面积,代基当量作为描述变量,对上述化合物的MicrotoxR毒性进行了回归分析,得到有一定意义的回归方程,其相关系数为0.90。如果氰取代酚作为局外化合物,则相关系数达0.94。说明这些参数在预言毒性方面有重要意义。 相似文献
36.
Martha P. GarcÍa De Llasera Adriana RodrÍguez-Castillo Luz E. Vera-Avila 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):615-627
The effect of organic matter on the solid-phase extraction (SPE) efficiency for pesticides belonging to different chemical groups (urea-derivatives, carbamates and triazines) and having different polarities, was simultaneously studied for the first time in pure and simulated water samples. SPE was carried out in precolumns packed with C18 silica or styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer PLRP-S phases on-line coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Retention factors in water (k'W) were estimated for 25 compounds and used for the calculation of the theoretical breakthrough volume (VbT) in pure water. Experimental breakthrough volumes (VbE) were first determined using purified and deionized water as the matrix for selected compounds having VbT < 500 mL; then, the same water with an added humic acid sodium salt (HA) at 0.4–5.6 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, was used as the matrix for compounds having VbE < 500 mL in pure water. Several polar pesticides showed negative linear or logarithmic VbE curves depending on HA content; their recoveries were also determined in environmental samples having low dissolved organic carbon values, between 0.5–6.4 mg/L. A similar behavior was observed for these compounds in simulated and natural water samples, where DOC concentration and the percolated volume (Vp) mainly determine the solute recoveries values. However, the variation of recoveries as a function of DOC content could be negative or null depending on the two examined conditions (Vp lower or larger than VbE in pure water). Results demonstrated that breakthrough volume must always be considered to correctly interpret the participation of dissolved humic material on the SPE efficiency of organic micropollutants in water. 相似文献
37.
N,O-bis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and N-methyl-N(trimethylsily) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) are common derivatization reagents used in the GC-MS analysis of estrogen steroids such as estrone (E1) and 17(-ethinylestradiol (EE2). In this study, three trimethylsilyl (TMS) steroid derivatives, mono-and di-trimethylsilyl EE2 and mono-trimethylsilyl E1, were observed during the derivatization of EE2 with BSTFA or MSTFA and/or GC separation. Factors influencing the production of multiple TMS derivatives and their relative abundance were examined. It was found that both methanol and bisphenol A competed with estrogenic esteroids when reacting with silylation reagents, and thus affected the formation of TMS derivatives and their relative abundance in the derivatization products. Methanol was found to be more reactive than bisphenol A with the BSTFA reagent. None of the three solvents tested in this study could prevent the generation of multiple TMS derivatives during the derivatization of EE2 with BSTFA, followed by GC analysis. A similar result was observed using MSTFA as the derivative reagent followed by GC analysis. Thus, the suitability of BSTFA or MSTFA as the derivatization reagent for the determination of E1 and EE2 by GC-MS, under the conditions reported here, is questionable. This problem can be solved by adding trimethylsilylimidaz (TMSI) in the BSTFA reagent as recommended, and the performance of the method has been proved in this study. 相似文献
38.
分子全息QSAR方法预测苯衍生物对蝌蚪的急性毒性 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
采用半静态培养法测定了一系列苯衍生物对蝌蚪的12h致死毒性.应用分子全息QSAR方法构建了化合物的亚结构与毒性之间的定量模型,探讨了分子全息长度、碎片尺寸以及区分常数对模型质量的影响,并检验了模型的稳健性.结果显示,研究的51种苯衍生物的半致死毒性(12h log1 /LC50,mol/L)分布在2.07~4.56之间.最优HQSAR模型以6~7为碎片尺寸,83为全息长度,6个主成分,Leave-One-Out交叉验证的r2cv是0.849,最终的非交叉验证的拟合模型r2 为0.942 ,表明模型稳健性能良好,可用于预测苯衍生物的毒性. 相似文献
39.
经C60、N-甲基甘氨酸和间硝基苯甲醛反应得到N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3′,4′∶1,2][60]富勒烯(MNPF)反应液,旋转蒸发干燥得质量分数为23%的MNPF粗品,采用柱色谱法批量分离其中的MNPF。确定了柱色谱法批量分离MNPF的最佳工艺条件:二硫化碳为流动相,柱层析用硅胶(37~48μm)为固定相,色谱柱直径5cm,高径比为6∶1,最大上样量为23 g。此时分离所得MNPF纯度达99%,回收率为92.3%。 相似文献
40.
介绍了环糊精及其衍生物的优点和毛细管电泳的应用情况,综述了近十年来环糊精及其衍生物用于毛细管电泳技术中对手性化合物进行分离分析的国内外发展状况,最后对其发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献