水杨酸及其磺基衍生物在超高交联吸附树脂上的吸附选择性研究

水杨酸及其磺基衍生物（5磺基水杨酸）在超高交联吸附树脂NDA-100和改性超高交联吸附树脂NDA-99上的平衡吸附遵循Freundlich等温方程,拟合结果表明其放热的优惠吸附特征。NDA-100树脂的吸附主要依赖π-π作用,而5-磺基水杨酸在NDA-99上的吸附受静电作用的影响明显。随着双组分体系内5-磺基水杨酸初始浓度的增大,水杨酸在NDA-99上的吸附量减小,而在NDA-100上的吸附量增大。另外对于两种树脂,随着水杨酸初始浓度的增大,5磺基水杨酸的吸附量均减小。吸附作用力的强弱导致溶质组分在树脂活性位点上的直接竞争现象。在5-磺基水杨酸存在的吸附体系内,NDA-100对水杨酸的吸附选择性远远优越于NDA-99。NDA-100串联NDA-99组合吸附工艺可以有效实现水杨酸和5-磺基水杨酸的选择性吸附分离。     

使用OCMA—350非分散红外测油仪测量水或废水中石油类的探讨

本文初步探讨了使用OCMA－350非分散红外法测定水或废水中石油类过程中萃取剂CCl4的预处理与OCMA-350测油仪的使用。     

Preparations and properties of transformation products of pentachlorophenol (PCP)

The present paper describes preparations and properties of pentachlorophenol derivatives.     

镉胁迫对拟南芥中氨基酸及其衍生物的影响

研究拟南芥对镉胁迫的氨基酸及其衍生物响应.结果表明,镉胁迫使大部分检测到的化合物发生变化,并且在不同镉浓度情况下(Cd5和Cd50)显示了共同的响应,只是响应幅度不同.同一代谢途径中的化合物含量变化具有相关性:α-酮戊二酸衍生类型(谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺)和草酰乙酸衍生类型(天冬氨酸和天冬酰胺)氨基酸含量都降低,除脯氨酸外;3-磷酸甘油酸衍生类型(丝氨酸和甘氨酸)氨基酸含量都增加;丙酮酸衍生类型的氨基酸(缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)含量几乎没有变化;由莽草酸转化而来的酪氨酸含量降低,另外,镉胁迫诱导胺类(β-丙氨酸、4-氨基丁酸、腐胺和酪胺)化合物含量显著增加.     

Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in an aquatic liverwort as possible bioindicators of enhanced UV radiation

We examined, under laboratory conditions, the physiological responses of the aquatic liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia to artificially enhanced ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 82 days, especially considering the responses of five hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. This species lives in mountain streams, where it is exposed to low temperatures and high UV levels, and this combination is believed to increase the adverse effects of UV. Enhanced UV radiation hardly caused any change in several physiological variables indicative of vitality, such as Fv/Fm and chlorophylls/phaeopigments ratio (OD430/OD410). Thus, this liverwort seemed to be tolerant to UV radiation, probably due to the accumulation of three UV-absorbing hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives: p-coumaroylmalic acid, 5'-(7',8'-dihydroxycoumaroyl)-2-caffeoylmalic acid, and 5'-(7',8'-dihydroxy-7-O-beta-glucosyl-coumaroyl)-2-caffeoylmalic acid. These compounds might serve as bioindicators of enhanced UV radiation.     

部分苯衍生物对黄瓜种子发芽率的抑制毒性及QSAR研究

采用半静态培养法测定了29种苯衍生物对黄瓜种子发芽率的48h抑制毒性,并进行了定量结构-活性相关研究．结果表明：苯衍生物对黄瓜种子发芽率的抑制毒性不仅与化合物的疏水性(lgKOW)有关,而且与其分子最低未占轨道能量(ELUMO)有关．     

SO2衍生物对C57BL/6小鼠肝脏T细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+的影响

为探讨二氧化硫(SO2)的肝脏免疫毒理效应,利用流式细胞仪(FACS)检测技术,分析了SO2体内代谢衍生物——亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)与亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)混合液(两者摩尔比为3:1)腹腔注射染毒对C57BL/6小鼠肝脏淋巴细胞T细胞亚群CD4+和CD8+的百分数以及CD4+/CD8+细胞比值的影响.实验组剂量分别为25、100、400mg·kg-1(body weight),染毒一周后,制备肝脏淋巴细胞悬液,经特异性荧光标记的CD4(FITC)、CD8(PE)单克隆抗体染色后,采用FACS流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群百分数.研究发现:1)染毒后所有处理组肝脏CD4+T细胞所占的百分数显著升高(p<0.05);2)CD8+T细胞所占的百分数在100mg·kg-1、400mg·kg-1染毒组显著降低(p<0.05);3)CD4+/CD8+的比值在100mg·kg-1、400mg·kg-1染毒组显著升高(p<0.01).研究结果显示:SO2体内衍生物亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠可使肝脏CD4+/CD8+T细胞的比值显著升高,即SO2衍生物可使肝脏CD4和CD8淋巴细胞比例严重失调而使机体产生免疫紊乱.     

Effect of an eco-friendly o/w emulsion stabilized with amphiphilic sodium alginate derivatives on lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption–desorption on natural soil minerals

The effects of amphiphilic O/W emulsions,stabilized by the alkyl polyglycoside(APG)or cholesterol-grafted sodium alginate(CSAD)/APG systems,on lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption/desorption mechanisms on natural soil minerals(i.e.,illite and kaolinite)were investigated.Sorption and desorption of lambda-cyhalothrin onto soil minerals was studied via batch equilibration to give insight into the adsorption equilibrium,kinetics,and thermodynamics of lambda-cyhalothrin adsorption onto minerals.The results indicate the following:(i)The adsorption processes for the APG system and CSAD/APG system include:rapid adsorption,slow adsorption,and adsorption equilibrium.The adsorption kinetics of pesticide on illite and kaolinite are in accordance with the Ho and McKay model,and the adsorption isotherm conforms to the Freundlich model.In addition,the adsorption processes of pesticide for the two systems on minerals were spontaneous and feasible(ΔG~00),endothermic(ΔH~00),and mainly involved chemical bonding(ΔH~060).(ii)The equilibrium adsorption percentages of the pesticide on illite for the APG system and CSAD/APG system were 42.4%and 64.8%,and the corresponding equilibrium adsorption percentages on kaolinite were 40.8%and 61.8%,respectively.Moreover,the pesticide adsorption rate K_(2-CSAD/APG)was faster than K_(2-APG),and its adsorption capacity K_(f-CSAD/APG )was greater than K_(f-APG).Meanwhile,the pesticide desorption K_(fd)in the CSAD/APG system was smaller than that in the APG system.As a result,this eco-friendly O/W emulsion based on amphiphilic sodium alginate derivatives might provide a green pesticide formulation,since it could reduce the amount of lambda-cyhalothrin entering aquatic systems to threaten non-target fish and invertebrate species.     

杯[4]芳烃及其酯类衍生物对贵金属离子银的回收研究

应用对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃及其酯类衍生物对液相中的银离子进行回收,讨论了在不同pH值条件下回收液相中的银离子。在去除有机溶剂正辛烷对回收的影响后,发现对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃及其酯类衍生物在强酸性条件下对银离子均有一定的萃取能力,且对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃乙酸乙酯对银离子的萃取能力明显要高于对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃。反萃取剂选用硫代硫酸钠,但其反萃取效率随着原液酸性的增强而减少,且对酯类体系几乎无反萃取效果。