用超声波无损检测技术检测混凝土的厚度

使用普通的超声换能器,用高频率换能器作发射端,低频率换能器作接收端,通过互相关谱分析,可以得到反射声波的到时,从而计算得到混凝土的厚度。实验表明,本方法对混凝土厚度的测量具有较高的精度和可靠性。     

农药残毒速测箱的研制和应用

近年来,因食用受农药严重污染的蔬菜水果而造成的急性中毒事故屡有发生.为了保障消费者健康,必须加强农药残留的检测.目前普遍使用的气相色谱法是一种较好的分离测试技术.但因耗费的时间长,不能及时得出结果,难以起到保护消费者健康的作用.因此,迫切需要解决快速检测的问题.文献[1],[2]报道了用化学显色试纸法测定蔬菜中六六六和DDT,但此法不能测定有机磷(OPs)和氨基甲酸酯类农药.美国1985年研制出一种称之为农药检测器(Detector)的酶片(Enzyme Ticket),用来检测水中OPs和氨基甲酸酯农药,其灵敏度在0.1—10ppm范围.在国内尚未见到有类似报道.     

雨水中NO_2~-和NO_3~-的动态涂渍离子对色谱分离测定

采用反相离子对色谱法—紫外光度检测测定NO-2 和NO-3 ,对影响分离测定的诸因素进行了研究 ,建立了测定雨水中这 2种组分的最佳色谱条件。结果表明该方法快速、灵敏、线性宽。     

Prenatal diagnosis in a family with mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme a thiolase deficiency with the use of the polymerase chain reaction followed by the heteroduplex detection method

Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thiolase deficiency is an organic aciduria which affects isoleucine and ketone body catabolism. GK16 (the index patient) was affected with this disorder and previous studies had revealed that GK16 was a compound heterozygote with IVS8(+1) gt to tt and A301P mutations. In a subsequent pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis was performed and the fetus's amniocytes were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by the heteroduplex detection method on a Mutation Detection Enhancement gel. The fetus was identified as a carrier of the IVS8(+1) mutation. We confirmed the diagnosis by immunoblot analysis of extracted amniocytes and gene analysis with blood filter paper after delivery. This is the first report of prenatal diagnosis of this disorder at the gene level.     

水质沙门氏菌群的MUCAP试验初步研究

利用沙门氏菌分解底物形万物地征性荧光的特性，建立了水质沙门氏菌群的”酶－底物“快速检测方法。检测试剂由上医大实验室自行合成，经红外，质谱，核磁共振分析，证明其结构与国报道一致，纯度可达９９．９９％。ＭＵＣＡＰ试验的反应参数；底物最家度为３７．５μｇ／ｍｌ，反应最适ＰＨ为７．２－７．４。细菌密度和荧光强度随着培养时间增加而增加，敏感度为１０＾６只／ｍｌ，该检测法有较高特异，水中常见的１０种细菌未有明     

运用多时相直接分类法对土地利用进行遥感动态监测的研究

采用多时相直接分类法对贵州省 (原 )安顺市从1987～1995年间的土地利用变化状况进行了遥感动态监测。与以往方法相比 ,该方法不仅可以直接获得变化类型及其数量 ,而且可以避免分类后比较法所容易出现的逻辑性变化探测错误。对不同分类波段组合的试验表明 ,经过差值、比值处理的前3种波段组合 ,具有较差的分类效果 (总体精度只有30 %～40 % ) ,而那些能较好地保留原始信息的波段组合 ,则具有相对较好的分类效果 (总体精度超过70 % )。另外 ,分类效果还明显地受到所采用的辐射校正方法的影响 ,经过暗组亮组辐射校正的影像要明显比只经过简单辐射校正(直方图法 )的影像具有更好的分类效果 ,总体精度提高了16.6 %。该方法的应用结果表明 ,研究区在8年间经历了一些明显的土地利用变化 ,例如城镇扩展、耕地减少、菜地变迁等。     

单衬层填埋场渗漏检测ELIM法的正演解析

建立了填埋场渗漏检测电势映像法(ELIM)模型.将单衬层填埋场看作水平方向为无穷大的3层均匀介质,上层为垃圾层,中间层为人工合成衬层,下层为土壤层.从稳定电流电场的本质出发,将漏洞电流等效为位于电流流入端的负电流源和位于电流流出端的正电流源.基于该模型对填埋场渗漏检测的电势映像法进行了正演解析,并根据模型的基本特征,对3层介质模型的解析结果进行了简化,结果表明该模型中电场在半无穷空间的电势分布与半空间模型中无穷媒质空间中的电势分布规律基本相同.     

Functional Homogenization Effect of Urbanization on Bird Communities

Abstract:  We studied the community richness and dynamics of birds in landscapes recently affected by urbanization to test the prediction that biotic communities living in degraded landscapes are increasingly composed of generalist species. We analyzed bird communities in 657 plots monitored by the French Breeding Bird Survey from 2001 to 2005, accounting for the probability of species detection and spatial autocorrelation. We used an independent land-cover program to assess urbanization intensity in each FBBS plot, from 1992 to 2002. We found that urbanization induced community homogenization and that populations of specialist species became increasingly unstable with increasing urbanization of the landscape. Our results emphasize that urbanization has a substantial impact on the spatial component of communities and highlight the destabilizing effect of urbanization on communities over time. These results illustrate that urbanization may be a strong driving force in functional community composition and that measuring community homogenization is a powerful tool in the assessment of the effects of landscape changes and thus aides sustainable urban planning.     

水中几种有机污染物的SPE-HPLC联用测定技术

酚类及硝基苯是水中一类重要的优先控制污染物。通过对固相萃取 (SPE)技术与高效液相色谱 (HPLC)联用技术的研究 ,得出对于含酚类及硝基苯的水样采用 2 0 0mg的键合硅胶C1 8柱在水样pH值为 3 .0和过柱水样为 40mL时可得到较好的萃取及测定结果 ,从而提出一种对水中酚类物质及硝基苯测定具有灵敏度高、准确性好的分析方法。     

Spatially constrained clustering and upper level set scan hotspot detection in surveillance geoinformatics

We discuss upper level set (ULS) scan as a type of spatially constrained clustering in relation to two ways of imposing the spatial constraint, retrospectively versus progressively. We show that ULS scan produces the same results both ways; whereas two popular clustering techniques, single-linkage and K-means, can yield different results when spatial constraints are imposed retrospectively versus progressively. The ULS scan approach examines spatially connected components of a tessellation as a threshold is moved from the highest level (value) in the data to the lowest level. When the variable of interest on the tessellation is a rate of incidence, then a significance test is available based on binomial or Poisson null models and Monte Carlo techniques. This is a common context for detecting hotspots of diseases in epidemiological work. We also discuss an approach for extending the univariate methodology to accommodate multivariate contexts. Received: September 2005 / Revised: February 2006 This material is based upon work supported by (i) the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0307010, (ii) the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Grant No. CR-83059301 and (iii) the Pennsylvania Department of Health using Tobacco Settlement Funds under Grant No. ME 01324. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agencies.