三峡水库干流底栖硅藻群落组成及其与环境因子的关系

为了解三峡水库长江干流不同水文期底栖硅藻群落变化及其与环境因子的关系,分别于非蓄水期(2015年7～9月)和蓄水期(2015年12月～2016年3月)对干流32个样点进行底栖硅藻采集和分析.结果表明,蓄水期与非蓄水期在水温(WT)、水下光强(PAR)、p H、电导率(Spc)、溶解氧(DO)、氧化还原电位(ORP)、浊度(Tur)、透明度(SD)、流速(v)和高锰酸盐指数具有显著性差异. 2个水情期共鉴定出底栖硅藻96种,隶属28属,非蓄水期鉴定出13种优势种,蓄水期鉴定出3种,且2个时期优势种在组成和分布上存在一定的差异,但α-中污染性、富营养化的种类变异直链藻(Melosira varians)为两个时期的绝对优势种.通过冗余分析(RDA)发现,非蓄水期显著影响长江干流底栖硅藻群落组成的环境因子是pH、流速和正磷酸盐,且上、下游样点存在明显分区;而蓄水期影响底栖硅藻群落的主要环境因子是水温、浊度、高锰酸盐指数和溶解氧,上、下游样点分区不明显.这些结果表明三峡库区蓄水对底栖硅藻群落组成具有重要影响,导致群落结构发生变化.     

汉江中下游硅藻水华形成条件及其防治对策

文章总结了汉江中下游五次硅藻水华开始发生的时间、地点及范围、持续时间、浮游植物最高密度以及浮游植物群落结构特点,1992-2000年汉江中下游硅藻水华呈现加重趋势,2000年以后,硅藻水华发生范围有所减小,但发生频度明显增加。在对历次硅藻水华形成的气象条件、水文条件、营养条件和生物条件进行分析的基础上,从控制汉江污染途径、提高汉江中下游硅藻水华预警时效和生态调水方式等方面,提出了防治汉江中下游硅藻水华对策。     

水文气象因素对东南山区水库硅藻异常增殖的影响

硅藻异常增殖是影响我国许多水库水质安全的生态灾害.为揭示水库硅藻异常增殖的影响因素,以我国东南丘陵地区大(Ⅱ)型水库天目湖沙河水库为例,基于8年逐月浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的监测,分析了硅藻(Bacillariophyta)及其优势属生物量与温度、降雨、水位、营养盐等环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,春季硅藻及其优势属的生物量主要受温度的影响,与水文、营养盐关系较弱;不同硅藻优势属与水温的关系差异较大:针杆藻(Synedra)的最佳生长温度为27℃,小环藻(Cyclotella)与曲壳藻(Achnanthes)的最佳生长温度为19℃,直链藻(Melosira)适合在低温下生长,生物量随温度升高而降低;硅藻生物量与环境因子的多元统计分析表明,硅藻总生物量、针杆藻和曲壳藻等优势属生物量峰值与降雨量显著性正相关(P0.05),小环藻生物量峰值与总磷、降雨量和水位显著性正相关,而与换水率显著性负相关,直链藻生物量峰值与总磷显著性正相关.年度硅藻峰值强度可以用降雨量强度和时间、冬春季的积温和溶解性总磷浓度等综合因素拟合预测.研究表明,对于我国东南丘陵山区中营养水平的水库而言,硅藻优势属的异常增殖事件受水文气象因素异常事件的影响较大,相比较而言对氮磷营养盐响应偏弱;在防控水库硅藻异常增殖灾害方面,除了积极开展流域营养盐削减措施之外,应当密切关注极端天气综合影响,采取相应的水文调节措施,开发切实有效的灾害预警技术.     

3种海洋硅藻藻粉吸附水中镉离子特性研究

利用3种海洋硅藻(角毛藻、菱形藻、海链藻)干粉对水中重金属镉离子进行吸附.实验结果表明,3种海洋硅藻对Cd~(2+)的吸附容量在一定范围内均与吸附时间、Cd~(2+)初始浓度和温度3个变量分别呈正相关关系.3种硅藻干粉对Cd~(2+)的吸附均很好地符合Pseudo二级动力学模型;吸附等温数据均更符合Langmuir等温吸附;在不考虑温度对吸附焓和吸附熵影响的前提下,计算得到的3种海洋硅藻的ΔG值均小于0.以上结果表明,3种海洋硅藻对Cd~(2+)的吸附过程是一个自发进行、有化学吸附参与的以单分子层吸附为主的吸附过程.角毛藻、菱形藻和海链藻最大实验吸附容量分别为275.25、303.75和224.36 mg·g~(-1),大大高于已报道各类生物吸附剂.以吸附容量最大的菱形藻干粉为吸附剂,考察实际水体中可能存在物质对其吸附性能的影响.结果表明,菱形藻对Cd~(2+)的吸附容量随着溶液中盐(Na Cl、Ca(NO_3)_2、Mg(NO_3)_2)浓度和浊度的增加而下降,而随着腐植酸浓度的增加不断升高.最后,利用HCl对吸附Cd~(2+)后的菱形藻进行解吸附再生实验,结果表明HCl可有效解吸菱形藻上的Cd~(2+),实现Cd~(2+)的脱附回收.     

环境异质性对三峡库区支流香溪河附石硅藻群落的影响及驱动作用

环境异质性在一定程度上不仅可以增加物种多样性,而且影响了陆生生物群落的稳定性.然而,环境异质性如何影响水生态系统附石硅藻群落的物种多样性却较少报道.因此,以三峡库区支流香溪河的附石硅藻为研究对象,通过量化和比较香溪河在时间尺度上的环境异质性,探究其在驱动物种多样性变化的作用.结果表明,环境异质性、分类β-多样性和功能β-多样性均表现为非蓄水期显著高于蓄水期,且周转组分均对不同水文期β-多样性贡献较大,而分类α-多样性则是蓄水期显著高于非蓄水期.此外,功能α-多样性中除功能丰富度非蓄水期显著高于蓄水期外,功能均匀度和功能分散度均无显著差异.基于相似或相异度矩阵的多元回归(MRM)分析表明,NH⁺₄-N和SiO^2-₃-Si是影响非蓄水期香溪河附石硅藻群落的关键环境异质因子,而影响蓄水期香溪河附石硅藻群落的关键环境异质因子为NH⁺₄-N、 SiO^2-₃-Si和TP.这表明三峡库区不同水文期的环境异质性显著影响附石硅藻的...     

硅藻群落指示的近50年来大理西湖湖泊生态系统演变规律

近年来,增强的人类活动使得云南部分湖泊生态系统发生退化,由草型清水态向藻型浊水态转变.全球变化背景下,了解湖泊生态系统演变规律是进行有效管理的前提,具有重要的科学意义.本研究以云南大理州小型浅水湖泊西湖为例,通过对沉积物硅藻群落和理化指标的分析,探讨了20世纪60年代中期以来大理西湖环境演变历程.结果表明,大理西湖生态系统在近50年发生了明显的稳态转换,以2000年为节点,硅藻群落从2000年前偏好贫营养环境的底栖附生种Cocconeis placentula、Staurosira construens、Gomphonema angustum和Achnanthidium minutissimum为优势种的状态,逐渐演替为偏好中营养环境的底栖附生硅藻Encyonopsis microcephala和Navicula cryptocephala及偏好富营养环境的浮游硅藻Cyclotella atomus、Cyclotella meneghiniana、Stephanodiscus hantzschii和Aulacoseira granulata为主导的状态.时间序列的主成分分析表明,硅藻群落主要响应了营养的变化.冗余分析结果也证实营养盐富集是大理西湖硅藻群落长期演化的主要驱动因素.本文论述了近50年来大理西湖流域气候变化和开发活动（农业围垦、化肥施用、畜牧养殖和渔业养殖等）促使湖泊营养盐持续积累,浮游藻类大量繁殖,湖泊内部生产力显著提高,湖泊生态系统逐渐向藻型浊水态转变的演化特征.     

DETERMINING THE ACCURACY OF COHERENT OPTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DIATOMS1

ABSTRACT: The discriminating capability of a coherent optical processor in identifying diatom species was tested using 25 species selected by diatom taxonomists. A 25 × 25 matrix of auto- and cross-correlations was used for this purpose. In no case did cross-correlation signals approach the intensity of auto-correlations indicating that false identifications were extremely improbable. Shape and height differences of the cross-correlation signals can be attributed to variations in diatom shapes, sizes, and cell wall morphology.     

The influence of bacterial quorum-sensing inhibitors against the formation of the diatom-biofilm

Quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) is one of the most promising and environmentally friendly agents for marine antifouling. In this study, the activities of three kinds of QSIs 3,4-dibromo-2(5)H-furanone, 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide and indole were evaluated on the growth of two marine diatoms Cylinthrotheca sp. and Nitzschia closterium. At the same time, the effects of QSIs on the formation of the diatom-biofilm were also discussed. All the results showed that QSIs significantly inhibited the growth, and the effects depended on the dose and diatom species. The extracellular polymeric substance contents in the diatom-biofilm were significantly reduced by QSIs. However, the contents of polysaccharide in culture mediums were increased, which might result in the destruction of diatom cells. Combined with the results of crystal violet staining-biofilm and images of scanning electron microscopy, it was further demonstrated that QSIs inhibited the biofilm formation of Cylindrotheca sp., and the inhibitory effect of 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide was superior to that of 3,4-dibromo-2(5)H-furanone and indole.     

Responses of phytoplankton and periphytic diatoms to environmental factors in a tropical riverine reservoir北大核心CSCD

Riverine reservoirs have a short water retention time, which is ecologically more similar to that of rivers. Generally, phytoplankton-based approaches are used for lakes and periphytic diatom-based approach for rivers. To understand the differences in the responses of phytoplankton and periphytic diatoms to environmental variables for riverine reservoirs, we collected periphytic diatom samples on artificial substrata as well as phytoplankton samples from a tropical reservoir with a resident time less than 10 days. Our results showed that 131 phytoplankton species and 138 periphytic diatoms were detected; the variation of phytoplankton community was mainly reflected by the dominant species with a strong response to the environmental variables at a time scale, whereas the variation of periphytic diatom community was noted in both the species composition and the dominant species, with a strong response at spatial-temporal scales. The multivariate regression analysis and redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors have higher explanations for the variance of the periphytic diatom community (R2 = 0.27). Temperature was the key explanatory variable for phytoplankton, planktonic diatoms and periphytic diatoms (P < 0.01). However, dissolved oxygen and nitrate were also detected as significant explanatory factors associated with periphytic diatom community (P < 0.01). Thus, the periphytic diatoms were concluded to be more sensitive to environmental change and were associated with more environmental variables than phytoplankton. Periphytic diatoms appear to provide more ecological information than phytoplankton for riverine reservoirs. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

乌江中上游底栖硅藻群落与阴阳离子、重金属间的关系

首次对乌江中上游底栖硅藻群落组成特点进行定量系统研究,得知其组成基本上呈种类多、丰度小,种类少、丰度大的分布状况。对底栖硅藻丰度和八种离子、重金属间关系进行定量分析后知Hg元素是影响底栖硅藻丰度的第一显著因子,建立了底栖硅藻丰度-汞元素曲线回归方程。可为用硅藻监测、评价河流水质提供理论基础,并为水质预警的硅藻生物指标的研究提供科学依据。