留兰香栽培管理与香油提取技术

作者介绍了留兰香的生长习性,从水土保持开发性治理的角度探讨了留兰香在红壤侵蚀区的栽培管理技术,并对留兰香油提取技术进行了对比研究。     

雨生红球藻3个株系的生长及对光盐反应初探

对雨生红球藻3个株系（No.3、No.712和No.797)的生长、对诱导虾青素形成的光盐因子的反应进行了比较,结果表明：No.3、No.712和No.797的生长速率分别为0．128d^-1,0.137d^-1和0.144d^-1;外加盐的量较大（4gL^-1)时导致雨生红球藻细胞数的减少,而外加盐浓度较低（2gL^-1)时,细胞数的反应因株系和光照的不同而有所差异;盐和强光照均导致静细胞比例显著增加;盐的加入仅在弱光照下诱导雨生红球藻3个株系的虾青素累积,在强光照下却导致件株系虾青素含量的下降,强光照下不外加盐时No.3、NO.712和No.797藻液的虾青素含量无显著差异,分别为2.15、2.77和2．45mg L^-1。图1表2参12     

Biosynthetic origin of carbon-based secondary compounds: cause of variable responses of woody plants to fertilization?

Summary. We propose that variation in the responses of carbon-based secondary compounds to fertilization in woody plants has a biosynthetic cause. The synthesis of phenylpropanoids and derived compounds (e.g., condensed tannins) competes directly with the synthesis of proteins, and therefore with plant growth, because of a common precursor, phenylalanine. In contrast, the biosynthesis of terpenoids and of hydrolyzable tannins proceeds presumably without direct competition with protein synthesis. Therefore, accelerated plant growth induced by fertilization may cause a reduction in concentrations of phenylpropanoids but may affect less or not at all the levels of other classes of secondary compounds. A meta-analysis based on fertilization experiments with 35 woody plant species supported the predicted differences fertilizing significantly decreased concentrations of phenylpropanoids but not of terpenoids or hydrolyzable tannins. Received 14 May 1998; accepted 23 June 1998.     

微型裸腹蚤的生长,生殖和种群增长

年龄为５±２ｈ的纯系微型裸腹蚤置于２５±１℃、主要含斜栅藻的培养液、静置换水的条件下培养时,其体长（ｌｔ）增长模式为ｌｔ＝１．３０－０．７９７６ｅ－０．３６８２ｔ（ｌｔ为体长,ｔ为时间）,各龄蚤平均体长为１．０８ｍｍ,平均寿命为１９．１ｄ,生殖高峰发生在第５龄期,累计生殖量为１０１．２１个．从初始２０个体的种群计算,种群生长曲线呈ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ型：ｙ＝２０２４／（１＋ｅ４．１３６－０．５３７ｔ）（ｙ为总个体数）,内禀增长能力ｒｍ＝０．９８５／ｄ,净生殖率Ｒ０＝８２．２５３／世代,世代平均周期Ｔ＝４．７２ｄ．     

Carbon Productivity Analysis to Address Global Climate Change

Developing low-carbon economy and enhancing carbon productivity are basic approaches to coordinating economic development and protecting global environment, which are also the major ways to address climate change under the framework of sustainable development. In this paper, the authors analyze the annual rate of carbon productivity growth, the differences of carbon productivity of different countries, and the factors for enhancing carbon productivity. Consequently, the authors clarify their viewpoint that the annual rate of carbon productivity growth can be used to weigh the efforts that a country takes to address climate change, and propose policies and suggestions on promoting carbon production.     

基于内生经济增长理论的城市化进程中资源环境"尾效"分析

在经济和城市快速发展过程中,资源环境对经济增长和城市化进程的约束越来越凸显.本文正是基于这种背景,研究了有限资源环境对城市化进程的阻碍大小,即城市化进程中资源环境"尾效".首先通过内生增长理论构建资源环境对经济增长的"尾效"模型,再利用经济增长与城市化水平之间的半对数关系推导出城市化进程中资源环境"尾效"模型,然后以江西省为例对其城市化进程中的资源环境"尾效"进行实证分析.计量发现土地、能源、水资源和环境污染对江西省城市化进程的"尾效"大小分别为0.017 678 315,0.114 909 279,0.005 050 95和0.0214 665 3.可见,能源对城市化进程的阻尼作用是最为显著的,其次分别是环境污染、土地和水资源.显然,只有大力提高能源等资源的利用率,将生产方式转移到依靠技术进步上来,并且着力提高人们的节约和保护资源环境意识,江西省城市化才能走上可持续发展的道路.     

中国交通基础设施与经济增长的关系实证

交通基础设施通过乘数效应、旅行效应和外部效应促进经济增长,经济增长是交通基础设施需求增加和规划建设的重要前提.使用中国1952 -2006年相关统计数据,以GDP衡量经济增长,以公路铁路运营里程和货运量衡量交通基础设施,基于协整理论和Granger因果检验方法,分析得出交通基础设施与经济增长间存在长期均衡关系,前者是后者的Granger原因,反之不成立;引入Cobb - Douglas生产函数建立回归模型,采用主成分回归法修正最小二乘回归模型易受多重共线性影响的缺点,发现交通基础设施对经济增长具有显著的促进作用,且公路交通基础设施对经济增长的贡献率显著大于铁路交通基础设施;以1978年为时间断点,运用虚拟变量法,检验样本期内交通基础设施对经济增长影响是否发生结构性变化,发现1978年前后交通基础设施对经济增长的促进作用统计上相同.     

人力资本积累与地区经济增长的联动关系分析

人力资本积累与地区经济增长差距的关系问题,是国内外理论界关注的焦点之一.为什么中国的地区经济增长在经济转型期20世纪80年代呈现收敛而90年代后发散?人力资本究竟是怎样作用于经济增长的?已有的经验研究没有考虑人力资本积累自身的收敛性,因而没有考虑到人力资本积累与地区经济增长的联立互动关系.本文采用三阶段最小二乘法(3SLS)估计了中国地区经济增长与人力资本增长的联立模型,结果表明,人力资本积累存在自身收敛性,人力资本增长率与地区经济增长率存在同向变化特征;同时,人力资本水平对地区经济增长存在直接发散和间接收敛双重效应,欠发达地区较高的人力资本增长率是导致20世纪80年代地区经济增长收敛的一个重要因素.因此,加大欠发达地区的人力资本投入,促进人力资本积累,对于缩小地区间经济增长差异具有十分重要的意义.     

Detecting Density Dependence in Recovering Seal Populations

Time series of abundance estimates are commonly used for analyses of population trends and possible shifts in growth rate. We investigate if trends in age composition can be used as an alternative to abundance estimates for detection of decelerated population growth. Both methods were tested under two forms of density dependence and different levels of environmental variation in simulated time series of growth in Baltic gray seals. Under logistic growth, decelerating growth could be statistically confirmed after 16 years based on population counts and 14 years based on age composition. When density dependence sets in first at larger population sizes, the age composition method performed dramatically better than population counts, and a decline could be detected after 4 years (versus 10 years). Consequently, age composition analysis provides a complementary method to detect density dependence, particularly in populations where density dependence sets in late.