乌鲁木齐河水中有机悬浮物的分析

本文对乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段悬浮物中的有机物进行了分析，结果表明：冰川站、英雄桥和青年渠道采样点有机物种类达４０余种，总含量分别为１．０，１．１４和１．２ｍｇ．１＾－１，其中Ｃ２９烷烃相对含分别为７．９４％，１５．４９％和１８．４９％，邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯相对含量分别为３０．２８％，２２．２８％和３３．７５％，乌鲁木齐河中、上游河段受到程度不同的酞酸二酯的污染。     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

饮用水中DBP的臭氧氧化效能与影响因素

以邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯 (DBP)为典型内分泌干扰物质的代表物 ,对饮用水中大量存在的不同物质在不同反应条件下对O3氧化DBP的影响进行了研究 .结果表明 ,O3单独作用于DBP时 ,在反应进行 30min后就能去除 90 %以上 ;O3对DBP的氧化降解除了O3的直接氧化外 ,还有·OH的作用机制 ;HCO-3 和腐殖质都通过影响·OH的产生而影响DBP的O3氧化 ,水中的浑浊度由于对疏水性的DBP会产生吸附作用而对DBP的去除有促进作用 .     

Dibutyl phthalate adsorption characteristics using three common substrates in aqueous solutions

• DBP adsorption was tested using three kinds of substrates in constructed wetlands. • The DBP adsorption capacity followed the order: steel slag>gravel>shell sand. • High temperatures increased the DBP adsorption capacity in the substrates. • DOM consistently inhibited the DBP adsorption onto steel slag and gravel. In recent years, the presence and adverse impacts of phthalic acid esters in aquatic environments have gained increasing attention. This work investigated the adsorption behavior of a typical phthalic acid ester, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), onto steel slag, gravel, and shell sand (substrates commonly used in constructed wetlands). The influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on DBP adsorption was investigated using humic acid as a proxy for DOM. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of DBP to three substrates reached equilibrium within 96 h, and the adsorption kinetics were well fitted by a pseudo-second-order model. The DBP adsorption isotherms were best fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model. The DBP adsorption capacity decreased in the order of steel slag>gravel>shell sand, with values of 656 mg/kg, 598 mg/kg, and 6.62 mg/kg at 25°C, respectively. DBP adsorbed to the surface of all substrates in a monolayer via an endothermic process. The DBP adsorption capacities of steel slag and gravel decreased as the DOM content increased. The DBP adsorption mechanisms to steel slag and gravel mainly involved the surface coordination of DBP with –OH or –COOH groups and electrostatic interactions. The results of this work suggest that steel slag and gravel may be ideal substrates for use in constructed wetlands to treat wastewater polluted with DBP.     

巢湖水中邻苯二甲酸酯安全性评价

本文测定了5种PAEs在巢湖水中的质量浓度,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯在所有采样点位均有检出,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的最高质量浓度为3．15μg／L、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的最高质量浓度为1．82μg／L、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的最高质量浓度为12．95μg／L,邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯最高为7．21μg／L,未检出邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯。运用数学模型对PAEs在水中的环境行为进行了安全性评价,结果显示巢湖水受到邻苯二酸酯不同程度的污染。     

Trace phthalate and adipate esters contaminated in packaged food

A method for trace analysis of two plasticizers, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA), contaminated in packaged curry paste were investigated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Curry paste samples were extracted by ultrasonic and solid phase extraction using Florisil® cartridge. Analysis by the GC-FID system provided limits of detection for DEHA and DEHP at 12 and 25 μ g L^{? 1} and a linear dynamic range between 25 μ g L^{? 1} to 60 mg L^{? 1} with a coefficient of determination (R²) greater than 0.99. High recoveries were obtained, ranged from 91 to 99% and 88 to 98% for DEHP and DEHA with RSD lower than 7 and 10% respectively. The method detection limit and limits of quantitation were ranged from 27 to 30 and 90 to 100 μ g L^{? 1}. The analysis of curry paste samples showed concentrations of DEHP and DEHA in the range of 4.0 ng g^{? 1} to 0.61 μg g^{? 1}.     

CTMAB／SDS改性沸石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯吸附机制

以季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB及阴离子表面活性剂SDS对粉末状天然沸石进行复合改性,制备得到了CTMAB／SDS改性沸石。对改性沸石及天然沸石进行红外吸收光谱及XRD衍射表征,并研究了PAEs在天然沸石和CT-MAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附机制。结果表明,阴阳离子表面活性剂没有对层状结构的键型造成较大的影响;PAEs在天然沸石和CTMAB／SDS改性沸石上的吸附更符合表面吸附一分配作用复合模型;PAEs的表面吸附和分配作用对吸附作用的贡献主要受吸附剂中有机质含量及吸附物质大小、极性及溶解度的影响。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在不同品种菜心-土壤系统的累积

在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染的水稻土中盆栽不同品种菜心,采用GC/MS研究了菜心-土壤系统中DBP的分布特征.结果表明,不同品种菜心茎叶和根系对DBP的吸收累积存在明显差异;不同品种菜心茎叶中DBP含量与其叶面积大小之间存在一定的正相关关系.不同品种菜心-土壤系统中DBP的分布特征明显不同,新选45天油菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较低,盆栽后土壤中DBP含量也较低;特青60天菜心和新选油青四九菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较低,但盆栽后土壤中DBP含量较高;油青60天菜心表现为茎叶和根系中DBP含量较高,盆栽后土壤中DBP含量也较高.     

治理技术邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水的处理

采用压滤-刮油-中和吸附-压滤-吸附工艺处理邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水,对处理工艺的运行条件进行了探讨.出水COD和石油类的去除率分别达到97.7%和99.8%.该法设备简单、投资少、操作方便,对排放量较小的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯废水的处理是行之有效的方法.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯污染对苦草生理生化指标的影响

以沉水植物苦草为试验材料,通过模拟实验研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)长期暴露对苦草的生长状况以及丙二醛、可溶性糖、叶绿素、谷胱甘肽、蛋白质和氨基酸的含量等生理生化指标的影响,试验结果表明：高浓度DBP长期暴露对苦草生长有严重伤害,DBP对苦草丙二醛和可溶性糖含量以及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响比较相似,都有一定的起伏．在DBP胁迫下,苦草中氨基酸总量和蛋白质含量与对照组相比呈下降趋势．苦草体内谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量明显低于对照,且随DBP浓度的升高GSH含量下降,统计分析表明有显著性差异．因此,谷胱甘肽含量可以考虑作为DBP对沉水植物早期伤害的指标．