外电阻对双阴极微生物燃料电池脱氮产电性能的影响

为提高双阴极MFC的脱氮产电性能,构建了双阴极微生物燃料电池系统,考察了连续进水状态下阳极与缺氧阴极间外阻(R_A-A)以及阳极与好氧阴极间外阻(R_A-O)的变化对系统脱氮产电性能的影响。结果表明：只增大一侧电阻会降低厌氧阳极的库仑效率和功率密度,但能提高系统的脱氮效果;当R_A-O由200 Ω增大到1 000 Ω时,TN去除率由43.81%提高到60.71%,当R_A-A由200 Ω增大到1 000 Ω时,TN去除率由38.88%提高到61.52%;当总外阻固定在1 000 Ω时,两侧电阻变化不影响阳极的功率密度和库仑效率,其分别保持在305.53 mW·m⁻³和0.35%左右;电阻组合(R_A-A /R_A-O)由500 Ω/500 Ω变化为100 Ω/900 Ω,TN去除率由62.32%提高到64.41%;系统的硝化效果随R_A-O的增大而增强,反硝化效果随R_A-A的减小而增强,总氮去除效果随总外阻的增大而提升。低R_A-A与高R_A-O的外阻组合能有效提高双阴极三室MFC的脱氮能力。增大总外阻,系统产电性能降低,阳极表面微生物膜氧化性不断减弱,总外阻不变,阳极表面氧化性变化不大。研究探明了外电阻变化对三室双阴极MFC脱氮产电性能的影响,为进一步提高MFC脱氮产电性能提供参考。     

筛选制备微生物菌剂降解剩余污泥

活性污泥法处理污水工艺伴随大量剩余污泥的产生,有效减量污泥是污水处理厂可持续运营的关键。为了实现高效环保的降解剩余污泥,对筛选芽孢杆菌制备微生物菌剂进行了研究。提出以产酶芽孢杆菌为出发菌株,通过测定菌株对污泥混合液悬浮固体浓度（mixed liquid suspended solids,MLSS）的直接减量效果以及菌株在限制性培养基内的传代稳定性和对污泥有机质及总氮（total nitrogen,TN）的去除率,得到3株污泥高效降解菌株10001、11009和R10。实验结合扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope,SEM）优化了其菌剂的制备工艺,菌剂复配比例,最适应用pH和最佳处理时长。确定选取喷雾干燥工艺制备微生物菌剂,当10001、11009和R10菌剂添加量分别为0.45%、0.80%和0.55%（质量体积比）,剩余污泥pH为7.0时,经过72 h降解处理,达到剩余污泥最佳降解效果即有机质去除率达25.4%,总氮去除率达48.8%。扫描电镜分析结果显示菌剂的失效时间约为7 d。     

Alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound scanning in the prenatal diagnosis of Turner's Syndrome

Based on data from 5 cases of fetal cystic hygroma (4 cases of Turner's Syndrome and one case of Trisomy 18) and one case of Down's Syndrome with severe subcutaneous oedema, it is concluded that amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is normal or only slightly elevated in such cases whereas AFP in fluid from the cystic structures is very high. Reported high values of ‘amniotic fluid’ AFP are therefore likely to have been obtained from fluids accidentally drawn from the cystic structures. Fluids from the two sources cannot be distinguished from each other visually. In support of this theory is that the maternal serum AFP was found to be normal in all cases where investigated. In the diagnosis of cystic hygromata detailed ultrasound scanning will reveal the correct diagnosis.     

Study of Aging Characteristics of Ternary Blends of Polyethylenes—II

Six film samples of low-density polypropylene (LDPE)/linear LDPE (LLDPE)/high-density polypropylene (HDPE) with varying ratios of LDPE (20–45 ... wt%) and LLDPE (25–50 wt%) having a fixed amount of HDPE at 30 wt% were prepared by blown film extrusion technique. The samples were aged at four different temperatures, 55°, 70°, 85°, and 100°C, for four different time periods in the interval of between 150 hours and up to 600 hours. The change in the structure of various constituents and the formation of various oxygenated (peroxy and hydroperoxy) and unsaturated groups during thermo-oxidative degradation was discussed by infrared spectroscopy. The visiosity-average molecular weight was found to have decreased slowly in the initial aging hours and temperatures, whereas it decreased by 10% with its previous value tensile strength that is, 100°C when aged for 600 hours. The tensile strength of the sample first increased by 67% at 55°C and 89% at 70°C up to 450 hours, whereas the values increased by 52.5% at 85°C and 33.9% at 100°C when aged for 150 hours and then decreased. The percentage elongation at break increased by 2.7% at 55°C and 10.7% at 70°C for 150 and 300 hours of aging, respectively, whereas the percentage decreased when aged at 85°C and 100°C for up to 600 hours of aging. The values of gel content (percent) increased and initial degradation temperature decreased with aging time and temperature.     

崩滑流雷达遥感应用潜力分析

综述了我国崩滑流（崩塌、滑坡、泥石流）遥感的应用现状；着重分析了成像雷达遥感在崩滑流识别、监测、预警中具有的独特优势，特别是随着新型成像雷达遥感（极化、干涉雷达）的发展，基于干涉雷达发展的差分干涉测量技术能以一量级甚至更小尺度测量地表形变，在崩滑流研究中能提供定量的动态信息，为崩滑流遥感应用研究注入了新的活力，开辟了新的思路；并指出以雷达（ＳＡＲ）遥感信息为主的多源信息复合解译，能为崩滑流灾害的调查提供更为方便、准确、及时、动态的信息．     

改性矿化垃圾对渗滤液生化出水中COD和氨氮的吸附

用矿化垃圾作为吸附剂吸附处理生化后的垃圾渗滤液,利用单因素变量法研究了改性温度、pH、吸附剂投加量和反应时间对吸附效果的影响,并采用红外光谱和电镜扫描对矿化垃圾进行表征。结果表明:矿化垃圾改性温度为700℃,水样pH值为9,吸附剂用量为60 g/L,反应时间为10 h时,COD和氨氮去除率分别达到58.38%和79.77%,平衡吸附量分别为11.68 mg/g和1.58 mg/g;动力学数据拟合COD和氨氮吸附过程均符合拟二级动力学方程即吸附速率被化学吸附所控制;等温方程拟合表明,矿化垃圾对COD和氨氮的吸附分别属于多层吸附和单层吸附;红外光谱分析结果显示,吸附过程中OH、CO和C-O 3种基团起主要作用;电镜扫描结果显示,矿化垃圾改性前、后和吸附前、后内部结构均发生变化。     

On the basic reproduction number and the topological properties of the contact network: An epidemiological study in mainly locally connected cellular automata

We study the spreading of contagious diseases in a population of constant size using susceptible-infective-recovered (SIR) models described in terms of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and probabilistic cellular automata (PCA). In the PCA model, each individual (represented by a cell in the lattice) is mainly locally connected to others. We investigate how the topological properties of the random network representing contacts among individuals influence the transient behavior and the permanent regime of the epidemiological system described by ODE and PCA. Our main conclusions are: (1) the basic reproduction number (commonly called _R0$R_0$) related to a disease propagation in a population cannot be uniquely determined from some features of transient behavior of the infective group; (2) _R0$R_0$ cannot be associated to a unique combination of clustering coefficient and average shortest path length characterizing the contact network. We discuss how these results can embarrass the specification of control strategies for combating disease propagations.     

应用全差示光度法测定水和废水中的微量氰化物

在ｐＨ８０时,ＣＮ－与３甲基１苯基５吡唑啉酮、吡啶及氯胺Ｔ反应形成稳定的蓝色产物,最大吸收波长为６１７ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸收系数为１２×１０５Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ。实验了采用全差示光度法测定微量氰化物的条件。通过蒸馏富集,建立了改进的吡唑啉酮法测定氰化物的分析方法,并对实际样品进行了测定。本方法的检出限为０００１ｍｇＣＮ－／Ｌ,检测范围为０００１～０２５ｍｇＣＮ－／Ｌ,可应用于水和废水中微量氰化物的测定。     

环境扫描电镜对废水生物样品形态结构的表征研究

采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)分析颗粒污泥和悬浮填料生物膜的微生物群落形态,并与扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果进行比较.结果表明,ESEM观察悬浮填料生物膜的适宜条件为样品台温度5℃,样品室汽压5.91×102Pa,相对湿度75%,加速电压15.00kV.观察颗粒污泥样品的适宜条件为样品台温度0℃,样品室汽压7.00×102Pa,相对湿度100%,加速电压10.00kV.表面存在的水滴凝聚和含水量高、结构脆弱的样品易因气压和入射电子束轰击收缩变形,是影响ESEM观察样品真实面貌的主要因素.悬浮填料生物膜的ESEM观察说明,相较于SEM,未经任何处理的载体生物膜样品在合适的ESEM条件下可得到的高放大倍数的清晰照片,能更真实的表征生物膜的微生物群落结构.含水量高、结构脆弱,承受能力差的颗粒污泥样品,则需要通过锇酸或者戊二醛等固定剂进行化学固定,降低ESEM的加速电压,并且尽量缩短观察时间,避免因气压和高速入射电子束的轰击而收缩变形,获得其原始形貌照片.     

Incentive mechanisms to enforce sustainable forest exploitation

Using a two-player differential game approach, this paper deals with the issue of tropical deforestation. The assumption is that developing forestry countries (called the South) do not, or cannot, necessarily have the same utility for forest conservation than the developed countries (called the North). Given the global nature of the problem, we assume that it may be wise that the North offers financial support to the South to help in achieving a sustainable forest policy. We derive sustainable and short-run deforestation policies and provide a transfer mechanism which insures that the South will indeed implement the sustainable one.