Screening differentially expressed genes in an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) exposed to fungicide vinclozolin by suppression subtractive hybridization

Vinclozolin, a dicarboximide fungicide, is an endocrine disrupting chemical that competes with an androgenic endocrine disruptor compound. Most research has focused on the epigenetic effect of vinclozolin in humans. In terms of ecotoxicology, understanding the effect of vinclozolin on non-target organisms is important. The expression profile of a comprehensive set of genes in the amphipod Hyalella azteca exposed to vinclozolin was examined. The expressed sequence tags in low-dose vinclozolin-treated and -untreated amphipods were isolated and identified by suppression subtractive hybridization. DNA dot blotting was used to confirm the results and establish a subtracted cDNA library for comparing all differentially expressed sequences with and without vinclozolin treatment. In total, 494 differentially expressed genes, including hemocyanin, heatshock protein, cytochrome, cytochrome oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase were detected. Hemocyanin was the most abundant gene. DNA dot blotting revealed 55 genes with significant differential expression. These genes included larval serum protein 1 alpha, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial protein, proteasome inhibitor, hemocyanin, zinc-finger–containing protein, mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and epididymal sperm-binding protein. Vinclozolin appears to upregulate stress-related genes and hemocyanin, related to immunity. Moreover, vinclozolin downregulated NADH dehydrogenase, related to respiration. Thus, even a non-lethal concentration of vinclozolin still has an effect at the genetic level in H. azteca and presents a potential risk, especially as it would affect non-target organism hormone metabolism.     

Photochemical degradation of methylparathion in the presence of humic acid

Photochemical degradation of methylparathion (O,O,-dimethyl O-4 nitrophenylphosphorothioate) in the presence of humic acid between pH 2 and 7 was monitored by differential pulse polarography. Humic acid was not electro-active under the experimental conditions used in this study. Only the pesticide and its main degradation product at pH 2 exhibited polarographic signals. Photolysis of methylparathion in acid media was sensitized by humic acid since the pesticide did not degrade in the absence of this compound. Methylparathion degradation in the presence of humic acid was observed at each of the studied pHs. The reaction was first-order with rate constant values ranging from 2 × 10^?3 to 6.3 × 10^?3 min^?1.     

有机溶剂对过氧化环己酮热危险性的减敏效果评价

在纯过氧化环己酮(CYHPO)储运中常添加减敏剂,以降低其热危险性。为了对比评价减敏性能,采用绝热加速量热仪测试了纯CYHPO及加入等质量邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、正己酸(HAA)和环己醇(CCH)后的热危险参数,并计算了上述5种样品的反应动力学常数和绝热校正数据,建立了包括初始放热温度T0和绝热反应加速度SARC的减敏效果判据,对4种减敏剂的热危险性减敏效果进行了评价。结果表明,DOP对CYHPO热危险性的减敏效果最好。     

Optimal nonpoint source pollution control strategies for a reservoir watershed in Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to develop a model for optimal nonpoint source pollution control for the Fei-Tsui Reservoir watershed in Northern Taiwan. Several structural best management practices (BMPs) are selected to treat stormwater runoff. The complete model consists of two interacting components: an optimization model based on discrete differential dynamic programming (DDDP) and a zero-dimensional reservoir water quality model. A predefined procedure is used to locate suitable sites for construction of various selected BMPs in the watershed. In the optimization model, the objective function is to find the best combination of BMP type and placement, which minimizes the total construction and operation, maintenance, and repair (OMR) costs of the BMPs. The constraints are the water quality standards for total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in the reservoir. A zero-dimensional reservoir water quality model of the Vollenweider type is embedded in the optimization framework to simulate pollutant concentrations in Fei-Tsui Reservoir. The resulting optimal cost and benefit of water quality improvement are depicted by the model-derived trade-off curves. The modeling framework developed in the present study could be used as an efficient tool for planning a watershed-wide implementation of BMPs for mitigating stormwater pollution impact on the receiving water bodies.     

绝热加速量热仪在化工生产热危险性评价中的应用

本文介绍了一种新型热危险性分析仪器--绝热加速量热仪的设计原理和内部结构,运行模式以及所能获得的温度、压力和最大温升速率时间等数据类型.并通过阐述其在化学动力学研究、自加速分解温度的计算、化学工艺安全性分析和化学工艺过程开发以及热爆炸事故原因调查等方面的应用,指出了绝热加速量热仪在化工生产危险评价方面的特点和优势.     

Incident investigation of mono-nitro toluene still explosion

At one of the nitro-toluene facilities, an o-nitro toluene still was in standby mode. During the standby mode feed to the still had been stopped, the column was not de-inventoried, steam flow to the reboiler was not shut off and the condenser was on total reflux. After 22 days of standby mode, steam was shut off for 5 days for annual plant maintenance. Eight days after the re-start of steam, the still exploded, hurling debris as far as one mile. The internal packing was expelled from the column and landed on the ground burning. The incident was investigated to establish the contributing factors leading to explosion. Accelerating Rate Calorimetery was extensively used to determine the onset temperature for exothermic activity in the presence/absence of a number of materials to establish the underlying cause of the accident. It was found that foulant collected in the column over a period of years accelerated the ’runaway reaction’.     

加速量热仪在物质热稳定性研究中的应用

加速量热仪（ARC）是一种基于绝热原理设计的热分析仪器,与其它热分析仪器相比,加速量热仪可以测量克量级的固体或高闪点液体样品,具有测试样品最大,敏感度高等特点,并能够实时记录样品放热反应过程中的温度和压力变化,以过氧化氢叔丁基为例说明加速量热仪测试结果在研究物质质变热稳定性方面的应用,得到了过氧化氢叔丁基放热分解反应的温度－时间和压力－时间关系曲线以及升温速度和压力随温度变化的曲线,通过计算和分析得到了反应系统升压速率随压力的变化曲线,计算出了过氧化氢叔丁基分解反应的动力学参数表观活化能Ea和指前因子A。     

炼油企业挥发性有机物无组织排放通量监测现状与发展

炼油企业是重要的挥发性有机物(VOCs)人为排放源,排放的VOCs主要来自无组织源,监控及排放核算困难。笔者总结了国内外炼油企业VOCs排放通量监控及核算技术体系,综述了各类VOCs无组织排放通量监测技术的原理及适用范围,着重评述了工业场地VOCs无组织排放通量监测最佳实用技术——红外掩日通量监测(SOF)和差分吸收激光雷达(DIAL)及其在炼油企业的应用进展。总体上,SOF仪器及监测费用适中,但易受阳光等天气条件限制; DIAL几乎可全天候监测,但仪器及监测费用较高。SOF和DIAL监测的欧美炼油企业VOCs排放系数一般为0. 02%～0. 10%,约为排放清单值的3～10倍。国内炼油厂VOCs排放核算采用的排放系数约为美国排放清单值(0. 01%～0. 02%)的10倍,尚待实测校验和修订。VOCs无组织排放通量监测技术也可用于检查或评估炼油企业泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)等VOCs无组织排放控制效果。     

电化学法同时测定水样中的间硝基酚和对硝基酚

用微分脉冲伏安法同时测定了水样中含间硝基酚和对硝基酚的混合体系 ,在 0 1mol·l- 1 乙二胺 0 5mol·l- 1 氯化铵 (pH =8 5 0 )底液中于 - 0 5 0V和 - 0 69V (vsAg/AgCl)处出现两个灵敏度高且互不干扰的吸附波 .间硝基酚和对硝基酚分别在 4 0× 1 0 - 7— 8 0×1 0 - 5mol·l- 1 和 2 0× 1 0 - 7— 4 0× 1 0 - 5mol·l- 1 范围内与峰电流ip 呈良好的线性关系 .检测限分别为 8 0× 1 0 - 8mol·l- 1 和 6 0× 1 0 - 8mol·l- 1 .本法可用于环境废水中微量间硝基酚和对硝基酚的同时测定 .另外 ,对双组分体系的吸附性质和电极反应机理作了研究 .     

起重机主梁变形三维激光扫描检测技术研究

在役起重机主梁变形是导致起重机事故发生的重要因素之一.国内现阶段对于起重机主梁变形检测还停留在传统的检测方法.其检测低效率、实施高风险、结果多误差等因素使传统检测方法暴露出诸多弊端.文章通过对比验证,引入三维激光扫描检测方法,对起重机主梁腹板进行扫描并建模分析得出主梁腹板整体变形的结果,此方法可以提高腹板变形检测数据精...