安全文化测量数据的有效性论证

安全文化对于改善企业安全生产、公民安全意识、预防事故都有不可低估的力量。安全文化定量测量数据可以用于定量跟踪企业安全文化建设的进展,因此证明安全文化定量测量数据的有效性就显得极为重要。本文分析2007年以来已经在39个煤矿测得的安全文化量值和安全业绩数据,得到我国安全文化值在国际最好企业和最差企业之间;分析某集团企业的安全文化水平数据,得到安全业绩和安全文化的逻辑对应关系;应用自2007年以来已经在39个煤矿测得的安全文化量值和安全业绩数据得到百万吨死亡率和安全文化之间的对应关系;调研并得到结论———77%的企业经理认为安全文化定量测量与改善对企业安全业绩的提高很有效果。通过以上四个方面的论证,证明我们的安全文化测量数据是有效的。     

冻融循环作用下岩桥变形破裂及能量转化特征研究*

为研究寒区锁固型岩质边坡的破坏机制,对岩桥试件开展冻融循环试验和单轴压缩试验。以数字图像相关方法为观测手段获得加载过程中的全局应变场,分析冻融循环作用对岩桥变形破裂演化特征的影响。引入能量特征指标,探究冻融岩桥加载过程中的能量耗散和释放规律。研究结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,试件抗压强度和弹性模量逐渐劣化;冻融循环作用未改变最终破坏模式,均表现为剪切裂纹贯穿中部岩桥造成的失稳破坏。冻融循环作用促进应变集中带的出现和扩展,加剧裂隙周边的应变集中程度。随着冻融循环次数的增加,试件储能极限和应变能峰后转化率逐渐降低,说明冻融循环作用减缓能量耗散和释放;试件最终破坏与能量转化密切相关,储能极限和应变能峰后转化率越大,试件脆性破坏越显著。     

区块链如何推动制造业绿色发展？——基于环保重点城市的准自然实验

通过构造不同所有制企业应用区块链技术情形下的目标函数与行为动机模型,分析区块链发展水平对制造业数字化全要素生产率的作用机制,并以区块链产业兴起为准自然实验,利用双重差分法基于2003~2017年我国93个环保重点城市的面板数据系统评估区块链技术对制造业绿色发展的影响.研究表明,区块链的应用能够倒逼企业实现以效率提高为特征的绿色转型,二氧化硫排放量和治污成本分别降低26%和17%,并且在使用了工具变量、三重差分、PSM-DID、安慰剂等多种方法进行检验后结论依然稳健.此外,中介效应分析显示当前阶段绿色技术创新对制造业绿色发展的促进作用优于数字化全要素生产率和能源利用效率.最后,基于企业所有权特征的异质性分析显示国有区块链企业在促进制造业绿色转型中的表现优于非国有企业,而基于城市特征的异质性分析发现区块链企业对二产占比高和单位GDP能耗高的城市制造业转型促进效应更强.本文丰富了区块链应用与实体经济发展领域内的理论研究,有助于更全面的认识数字经济影响我国制造业绿色发展的作用机制,为更加科学与精准制定区块链发展战略提供了政策启示.     

Integrated Freshwater Solutions — A New Zealand Application of Mediated Modeling

Mediated Modeling (MM) refers to “model building with stakeholders,” enabling collaborative learning and decision support. This article presents results from the Integrated Freshwater Solutions (IFS — www.ifs.org.nz ) action research project in the Manawatū River watershed, New Zealand. Water quality in the watershed often rates poorly, with the key issues being sedimentation, eutrophication, and habitat destruction. IFS is to develop and test MM to support collaborative and adaptive freshwater management. The project team was presented with the opportunity to collaborate with the Manawatū River Leaders' Forum (MRLF), an initiative driven by the Regional Council to improve water quality. This article describes the process of MM and how it was adapted to meet the needs of MRLF stakeholders. This highlights some important conditions for collaborative and adaptive capacity building. The MM/MRLF stakeholders, represented: industry, farming, local and regional authorities, environmental groups, and indigenous Māori iwi/hapū (tribe/sub‐tribe). This article describes how MM assisted early in the collaborative process to develop the following: (1) a shared and more integrated understanding of causes and effects and (2) a sense of the order of magnitude of the problems and the impact proposed solutions might have. It also describes how the context of politics, time, and resource constraints played an important role reverting to a more traditional planning approach part way through the process.     

Calculating ecological footprints at the municipal level: what is a reasonable approach for Canada?

No clear ecological footprint calculation strategy is available for small- and mid-sized communities within Canada. By adjusting provincial or national footprint findings using data sets available in the public domain, we develop and test a calculation strategy to estimate municipal ecological footprints. Because the calculation approach is consistent with the Global Footprint Network standardised methodology, it permits meaningful comparisons between communities and with global and national footprint estimates. It offers planners, policy-makers, and community leaders an accessible, straight forward, and cost effective strategy for estimating the ecological footprint at the community and municipal level. The suggested approach is best suited for using the ecological footprint as an awareness and education tool. The large number of limitations associated with calculating the municipal approach and limitations associated with calculating ecological footprints in general at the local level make it an unsuitable tool to inform community planning and policy development.     

湘西少数民族非物质文化遗产数字化保护研究

非物质文化遗产数字化保护是推进非物质文化遗产保护和传承可持续性发展的重要举措,对非物质文化遗产富集的少数民族地区尤为重要.分析数字化保护手段的优势和关键技术,以湘西为例,提出建立科学合理的分类体系和数字化资源库,构建数字化博物馆等非物质文化遗产数字化保护策略,从非物质文化遗产的真实再现、知识产权保护、技术和资源共享等方面提出在非物质文化遗产数字化保护中应注意的问题.     

信息化建设--数字化校园的迫切要求

从分析目前高校信息化建设的现状入手,阐述了信息化建设涵义和高校发展信息建设的意义,并提出一些关于加快发展高校信息化建设的建议,希望能对高校的信息化建设起到一定的积极作用.     

数字图像相关技术在高温热膨胀系数测量中的应用

目的测量热结构材料在高温环境下的热膨胀系数,方法将数字图像相关(DIC)技术和通电加热技术相结合,建立高温热变形测量系统。该系统使用CCD相机采集不同温度下试样的表面图像,经DIC方法分析处理得到被测材料随温度升高产生的变形和应变,进一步计算得到相应温度下的热膨胀系数。测量紫铜、石墨分别在600~800℃,600~1200℃范围内的热膨胀系数,并与文献数据进行比较。结果使用该实验系统测量得到了紫铜和石墨分别在600~800℃,600~1200℃范围内的热膨胀系数,与文献参考值吻合较好。结论该测量方法可精确得到导电材料的热应变及热膨胀系数,测量温度上限可达1200℃。     

基于多时相遥感数据的九段沙潮滩高程获取

潮滩高程获取是掌握潮滩冲淤变化、合理开发潮滩资源的一项基础工作。针对潮滩高程常规测量成本高、工作量大的问题,讨论了基于多时相遥感数据的九段沙潮滩高程获取方法。该方法主要包括遥感影像选择、水边线自动提取,以及水边点的高程计算3个步骤。遥感水边线通常被当作等高线,但对于范围宽广的九段沙潮滩而言,水边线具有明显的起伏特征,不应该被简单地当作等高线。从九段沙2004年3个时相的Landsat TM影像中提取了3组不同高程水平的水边线;以水边线的顶点为水边点,依据九段沙周围4个潮位站在遥感影像采集时刻的瞬时潮位,采用简单趋势面插值法计算了所有水边点的高程。与潮滩实测数据对比分析的结果表明：水边点高程的平均绝对误差约为0138 m,精度约为9374%。     

Towards sets of hazardous waste indicators. Essential tools for modern industrial management

Decision-makers require useful tools, such as indicators, to help them make environmentally sound decisions leading to effective management of hazardous wastes. Four hazardous waste indicators are being tested for such a purpose by several countries within the Sustainable Development Indicator Programme of the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development. However, these indicators only address the 'down-stream' end-of-pipe industrial situation. More creative thinking is clearly needed to develop a wider range of indicators that not only reflects all aspects of industrial production that generates hazardous waste but considers socio-economic implications of the waste as well. Sets of useful and innovative indicators are proposed that could be applied to the emerging paradigm shift away from conventional end-of-pipe management actions and towards preventive strategies that are being increasingly adopted by industry often in association with local and national governments. A methodological and conceptual framework for the development of a core-set of hazardous waste indicators has been developed. Some of the indicator sets outlined quantify preventive waste management strategies (including indicators for cleaner production, hazardous waste reduction/minimization and life cycle analysis), whilst other sets address proactive strategies (including changes in production and consumption patterns, eco-efficiency, eco-intensity and resource productivity). Indicators for quantifying transport of hazardous wastes are also described. It was concluded that a number of the indicators proposed could now be usefully implemented as management tools using existing industrial and economic data. As cleaner production technologies and waste minimization approaches are more widely deployed, and industry integrates environmental concerns at all levels of decision-making, it is expected that the necessary data for construction of the remaining indicators will soon become available.