苯系物Lewis酸碱性定量及其应用

本文以正丁醚／水和环己烷／水分配系数的对数差值Ａ作为酸性指数，以氯仿／水和四氯化碳／水分配系数的对数差值Ｂ作为碱性指数来度量苯系物的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸碱性，阐明Ａ、Ｂ两指数的物理意义，并表征其相互作用的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸、碱间的分子作用力的大小，定量分析其与Ｋａｍｌｅｔ等人提出了溶剂化显色参数π，α，β间的关系，研究了各种分子间的对酸，碱性的相对贡献，氢键的贡献是主要的，其次是偶极作用的贡献，色散力引起的贡献     

酸性硫酸盐土的酸度类型及其测定方法

酸性硫酸盐土是一种广泛分布于沿海低地和矿区的污染源土壤，对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在或实际的负面影响。酸性硫酸盐土中各类酸度是评估酸性硫酸盐土环境风险最重要的指标。酸性硫酸盐土的酸度可分为水溶性酸度、吸持性酸度和金属硫化物起源潜在酸度等3种类型。文章根据最新的研究结果，简要地介绍酸性硫酸盐土的酸度类型及其测定方法。     

Influence of ozone on the sampling and storage of volatile organic compounds in canisters

A dynamic dilution system was used for the study of the influence of ozone on the sampling and storage of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at 0, 4, 7 and 14 days in “TO-Can” canisters at two ozone concentrations, 60 and 150 ppbv. Among the 31 ozone precursors VOCs, a representative mixture containing five alkenes, five aromatics, acetylene and 1,3 butadiene was selected using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of ozone have no influence on the concentrations of VOCs after 14 days storage period and consequently no problem of representativity of the sampling appears after 14 days of storage. The main explanation is the degradation of ozone in contact with deactivated walls of canisters.     

污水海洋处置工程多喷口浮射流近区稀释扩散规律研究

结合上海市污水治理二期工程稀释扩散物理模型试验，首次通过量纲分析的方法，对上升管上布置多个喷口时污水的近区稀释扩散规律进行了研究，得出了上升管布置不同喷口个数时的近区稀释度计算公式，所得公式具有一定的适用性，这对于我国较浅水域扩散器的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

珠江广州西航道农药污染事故监测结果分析

在受敌敌畏农药（DDVP）污染的珠江广州河段内采样监测，通过数据分析，探讨了珠江水体的稀释能力，对其水体状况进行评价。结果显示，经过30h的稀释混合，受污染的水体水质恢复正常。证明了目前珠江广州河段水体状况良好，纳污能力强。     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR activity of NOx emission abatement catalyst

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on various TiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both were investigated with various physico-chemical measurements such as BET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surface properties on the SCR (selective catalytic reduction) activity of V20s/TiO2 catalysts was studied. It was found that the TiO2 surface properties had strong affect on the SCR activity of V2Os/TiO2 catalysts. The stronger acidic property resulted in the higher exposure of active sites as well as the higher SCR activity.     

秸秆直接还田和炭化还田对红壤酸度、养分和交换性能的动态影响

为比较秸秆直接还田和炭化还田对亚热带典型红壤酸度、养分及交换性能的动态影响,试验以水稻和油菜秸秆为材料,设置7个盆栽处理:空白(CK)、水稻秸秆直接还田(R1B0)、水稻秸秆350℃炭化还田(R1B1)、水稻秸秆550℃炭化还田(R1B2)、油菜秸秆直接还田(R2B0)、油菜秸秆350℃炭化还田(R2B1)和油菜秸秆550℃炭化还田(R2B2),秸秆按1%和相应的生物质炭施入土壤,进行水稻培育试验.在水稻秧苗期、分蘖期、灌浆期和成熟期这4个时期采集土壤,分析土壤酸度、养分和交换性能的动态变化.结果表明,红壤pH、 NH~+_4-N和NO~-_3-N含量随生长期呈现减小的趋势,而有机质、CEC和各交换性盐基离子呈现增加的趋势.秸秆直接还田和炭化还田均提高土壤pH,降低交换性酸总量,同时提高有机质含量及交换性能,且作用效果随生长期增大.成熟期时秸秆炭化还田对各项指标的作用效果均好于秸秆直接还田,秸秆原料和炭化温度对各项土壤性质的影响不同,油菜秸秆生物质炭在提高土壤pH、有机质和CEC含量方面略好于水稻秸秆生物质炭.土壤酸度、养分含量和交换性能等因子的相关分析表明,土壤交换性酸与有机质呈极显著负相关关系(R=-0.912,P0.01),与CEC呈显著负相关关系(R=-0.866,P0.05),CEC和有机质呈显著正相关关系(R=0.833,P0.05),说明三者之间密切相关.研究表明,秸秆直接还田和炭化还田均可以达到改良土壤酸性和提高养分含量的效果,在等量秸秆情况下,秸秆炭化还田对阻控土壤酸化、提高有机质含量和CEC的效果比秸秆直接还田较为明显.     

Microwave cladding: A new approach in surface engineering

Cladding is generally characterized by partial dilution of the substrate and hence formation of metallurgical bonding between the substrate and the deposits. Laser cladding is one of the most widely practiced surface engineering techniques. The present work mainly focuses on a novel development in surface engineering techniques in the form of microwave cladding. Clads of tungsten carbide (WC) based WC10Co2Ni powder on austenitic stainless steel were produced using microwave hybrid heating. Microwave clads were developed by exposing the preplaced, preheated powder for a duration of 120 s to microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz frequency and 900 W power in a home microwave system. Characterization of the clads was carried out in the form of microstructural and elemental composition studies. Investigations show crack-free interface revealing good metallurgical bond associated with partial dilution of the stainless steel substrate and full melting of WC particles. Typical X-ray diffraction results confirm presence of metallic carbides in the clad which is primarily responsible for significantly higher microhardness of the clad. Process mechanism has been discussed.     

DECLINING INTENSITY OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE IN THE NORTHERN APPALACHIAN BITUMINOUS COAL FIELDS: MAJOR ALLEGHENY RIVER TRIBUTARIES1

ABSTRACT: For more than 30 years, a program of continuous monitoring of pH, acidity, alkalinity, and other parameters has been maintained on a network of large streams degraded by acid mine drainage in the northern Appalachian high sulfur coal region. Continuous records since 1952 are available at a number of stations, and at several stations, acidity records date back to 1930. Comparable analysis techniques were maintained over the period of record, assuring the long term continuity of the database. This monitoring program has captured integrated long term trends within large and complex watersheds with numerous and varied types of mine discharges. The focus of this paper is a historical trend analysis of lightly to severely acid degraded major tributaries of the Allegheny River. Over the past three decades, all of the Allegheny River drainage basin stations have demonstrated steady and substantial declines in acidity and associated increases in pH and alkalinity. The average recorded decline in total acidity at four stations monitored since the 1950s was 94 percent. Since the 1970s, acidity declined by an average of 63 percent at 10 stations. Oxidative exhaustion of pyritic minerals exposed by mining is proposed as a major factor influencing these trends.     

峨眉山降水电导率变化规律初探

本文通过对峨眉山山顶和山下１９８６年～１９９５年降水电导率变化规律的分析发现,其两地电导率与降雨量及降水酸度存在一定的关系,也存在一定的差异。这差异表明山顶降水酸度来源于中长距离的传输