取代芳烃对酵母菌毒性的定量结构－活性相关研究

定量测定了苯胺类、苯甲酸类、卤代苯类、苯腈类、硝基苯类、苯酚类等６类化合物对酵母菌的生长抑制毒性，结果表明化合物的最小产生清晰抑菌圈浓度Ｃｍｉｚ与辛醇－水分配系数及一阶分子连接性价指数有如下关系：ｌｏｇ（１／Ｃｍｉｚ）＝０．３８ｌｏｇＫｏｗ＋０．３３＾１Ｘ＾ｖ－０．３８ ｒ＝０．９２ ｓ＝０．２２ ｎ＝７７。在上述６类取代苯类化合物中，它们与酵母菌的反应性大小有如下顺序：卤代苯类≈苯甲酸类〈苯胺类     

酵母融合菌-活性污泥曝气处理含镍废水研究

利用酵母融合菌RJ与活性污泥曝气处理含镍废水.实验结果表明,融合菌对废水中的镍具有很强的富集性能,投加10g/L菌体,处理20 mg/L含镍废水,去除率可达70.10%;同时投加6g/L活性污泥,去除率上升到80.73%,出水固液分离效果得到改善;且融合菌的pH值适用范围较广,当pH=3～9时,去除率均在75%以上;溶解氧是影响曝气生物吸附的重要因素,在缺氧或富氧环境下,生物吸附会受到抑制,DO为2.5～4.5 mg/L时吸附效果较好;融合菌-活性污泥曝气处理不同浓度Ni2 的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,相关系数为0.997 5.     

复合诱变原生质体选育重金属去除菌

选用紫外线和亚硝酸对产朊假丝酵母CR-001进行单因子和多因子诱变处理,通过复合诱变得到了6株具有高重金属抗性的高效重金属去除菌.经过传代后CRC2811-1和CRC7-2的抑菌圈直径减至1.7mm和1.2mm;对Cr⁶⁺的去除率分别从80.2%和81.2%提高到了95.2%和94.7%.其余4株突变株的抗性和除铬性能均可保持稳定.此外,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和原子力显微镜等仪器对吸附铬前后细胞内外的变化情况进行分析,探讨了突变菌株除铬性能改善的机理.     

松花江吉林段土壤有机组分的雄激素干扰效应

利用重组AR(雄激素受体)基因酵母,结合土壤样品索氏提取、富集和净化方法,开展松花江流域吉林段土壤有机组分雄激素干扰效应及其分布特征研究. 结果表明:所有样品均未检测出显著的AR诱导活性;部分样品检测出AR抑制活性,检出率为62.50%,最大抑制率为61.74%;采用RIC20(抑制率为20.00%时,96孔板每孔所需要的土壤当量,单位为mg/well)表征样品的抑制活性,RIC20在1.01~9.03 mg/well之间, 表明松花江吉林段土壤中存在AR抑制活性物质,可能具有潜在的环境危害. 研究区土壤雄激素干扰效应的分布特征表明,干扰效应分布与产业布局呈一定的相关性;工业区的AR抑制活性明显高于农田区,表明化工原料及产品的生产和使用及工业废水的排放可能是该地区土壤中AR抑制活性的重要来源.      

In vitro agonistic and antagonistic endocrine disrupting effects of organic extracts from waste water of different treatment processes

Effluents from wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） have been reported to have a broad spectrum of endocrine disrupting compounds （EDCs）. The majority of studies have focused on the occurrence of estrogenic activity, while ignoring nuclear hormone receptors （NRs） pathways. In the present study, a battery of in vitro yeast bioassays and a cell bioassay, including antagonistic and agonistic effects on estrogen receptor （ER）, androgen receptor （AR）, progesterone receptor （PR）, estrogen- related receptor （ERR） and aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AHR）, were conducted to evaluate the removal efficien- cies of EDCs by different treatment processes of a WWTP located in Beijing. Estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, anti- androgenic, anti-progesteronic, anti-ERR and the activa- tion of AHR activities were detected in samples from all treatment processes and the receiving water. The concen- tration of estrogenic contaminants with estradiol （E2） equivalent concentrations ranged from 0.82 x 10-9 to 3.54 x 10 9g Ee_EQ.L-1. The concentration of anti-estrogenic contaminants with 4-hydroxytamoxifen （4-OHT） equiva- lent concentrations ranged from 1.24 × 10-6 to 2.36 x 10-6 g 4-OHT-EQ.L-1. The concentration of anti-androgenic contaminants ranged from 2.21 x 10-s to 3.52 × 10-6g flutamide-EQ. L-1. The concentration of anti-progesteronic contaminants ranged from 3.15 x 10^-5 to 2.71 x 10^-4g RU486-EQ. L-1. The concentration of anti-ERR contami- nants ranged from 7.09 x 10-5 to 6.50 x 104 g 4-OHT-EQ × L^-10. The concentration of AHR activators ranged from 1.7 × 10-10 to 3.4 × 10^-10g TCDD-EQ-L-1. These processes including secondary clarifier, coagulation, as well as coal and sand filtration could eliminated 67.2% of estrogenic contaminants, 47.0% of anti-estrogenic contaminants, 98.3% of anti-androgenic contaminants, 88.4% of anti- progesteronic contaminants, 65.4% of anti-ERR contami- nants and 46.9% of AHR activators. WWTP effluents contain multiple receptor disruptors may have very complex adverse effects on exposed organisms.     

Cytotoxic activity of spark‐decomposed sulfur hexafluoride and analysis of cytotoxic contributions of individual spark decomposition products†

Sulfur hexafluoride decomposed by electrical sparks has been found to by cytotoxic to hamster cells when tested in an in vitro cell survival assay, while SF₆ shows no cytotoxic activity. Chemical analysis of spark‐decomposed SF₆ has identified and quantified the following compounds: SOF₂, SO₂F₂, SF₄, SOF₄, SiF₄, SO₂ and HF. Each of these gases, at concentration ranges expected in spark‐decomposed SF₆, were tested for cytotoxic activity toward hamster cells. Of the gases showing cytotoxic activity, SO₂F₂ and SOF₄ were similar in activity, as were SOF₂ and SF₄, while the behavior of SiF₄ was different from the rest. None of these individual gases, at concentrations expected in spark‐decomposed SF₆, has sufficient cytotoxic activity to account for the cytotoxic effect of spark‐decomposed SF₆ observed in our assay system. A four‐component mixture of some of the gases enumerated above (at concentrations overestimating their abundance in spark‐decomposed SF₆) was much less cytotoxic than the spark‐decomposed SF₆ gas. A mathematical simulation of the cytotoxic activity of a mixture of gases at concentrations found in spark‐decomposed SF₆ was made, assuming independent cytotoxic effects from each component. The simulated cytotoxic effect thus computed was less than that seen in spark‐decomposed SF₆. Since individual components or mixtures of the major decomposition products do not account for the observed biological activity of spark‐decomposed SF₆, this suggests there may be one or more components, present in the spark‐decomposed gas at very low concentrations, which may have a very strong cytotoxic activity.     

梭鱼和青鳉鱼ERα介导的雌激素活性比较研究

为从物种雌激素受体(ERα)敏感性差异的角度探索辽东湾野生梭鱼雌雄同体高发生率的一个可能原因,从梭鱼肝脏cDNA中扩增出长1113 bp的梭鱼ERα(sERα) DEF区片段,并以此构建pGBT9-sERα DEF 质粒,将其和pGAD424-TIF2质粒依次转入Y190酵母细胞中,建立了sERα物种特异性的酵母双杂交筛选系统.在此系统中测试了4种环境中主要的雌激素雌酮(E1)、17β-雌二醇(E2)、雌三醇(E3)及17α-炔雌醇(EE2)对梭鱼ERα的诱导活性,半数雌激素活性浓度(EC50)为3.7、2.4、1698.7、1.2nmol/L,分别是青鳉鱼ERα活性的4.6、2.3、3.4、3.3倍,说明梭鱼ERα对E1、E2、E3、EE2具有较高的敏感性,这为解释辽东湾梭鱼雌雄同体的高发生现象提供了重要线索.     

天津市污水以及再生水处理过程中的雌/孕激素干扰效应（Estrogen and Progesterone Interference Effect of Sewage and Reclaimed Water Treatment Process in Tianjin）

应用重组基因酵母检测了天津市4个污水处理厂以及2个再生水厂13个水样的雌/孕激素干扰效应.其中3个污水处理厂的进水检出了雌激素诱导活性,最高检测值为10.7ngEEQ·L-1;所有水样均未检测出孕激素诱导活性,但都检测出不同程度的孕激素抑制活性,其中检出了雌激素诱导活性的污水处理厂的进水具有相对较强的孕激素抑制活性.4个污水处理厂均不能完全去除孕激素抑制活性物质,去除率在44%～78%之间.微滤和臭氧氧化两种工艺结合对孕激素抑制活性物质的去除效率略优于MBR反应器.2个再生水厂出水加氯后孕激素抑制活性均有所增强.     

粉煤灰微生态复混肥的制备与研究

研究了利用处理啤酒废水的粉煤灰废渣作为固氮菌的载体,与常规的氮肥、钾肥和磷肥复混生产粉煤灰微生态复混肥的依据、原理与工艺.粉煤灰微生态复混肥总养分31%,其中养分比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O∶有机物=1∶2.01∶0.96∶0.79,固氮菌数6.9×107个/g,粉煤灰占质量分数44.03%.通过小白菜等作物的种植试验表明,粉煤灰微生态复混肥具有改良土壤结构,长效缓释,均衡作物营养,增强作物抗逆性和抗病能力,改善作物品质等优点,对作物植株性状的生长优势明显优于常规施肥法.     

啤酒废水处理技术研究

总结和介绍了国内外近年来在啤酒废水处理方面取得的一些进展.主要介绍了好氧处理,厌氧处理,好氧.厌氧综合处理等方法,并概要介绍了各方法的处理工艺及优缺点.