高硫抗生素废水微好氧连续处理系统的进水负荷效应研究

在14~18℃条件下探讨了不同进水负荷对高硫抗生素废水微好氧连续处理系统的处理效果和污泥中细菌、酵母菌含量的影响.结果表明,在低负荷[COD=2 kg.(m3.d)-1]条件下,污泥以细菌为优势菌群(细菌含量为96%),污泥浓度和污泥脱氢酶活性(TF/MLSS.t)分别为300 mg.L-1、4300 mg/(g.h),污泥SVI=35 mL.g-1,COD去除率仅为13%;当升高负荷至初始负荷的5倍和10倍时,污泥中以酵母菌为优势菌(酵母菌含量分别为67%和71%),污泥浓度分别为2300、1500 mg.L-1,污泥DHA活性(TF/MLSS.t)分别为9600、10800 mg/(g.h),污泥SVI值分别为160、110 mL.g-1,COD去除率升高到40%~50%,进水负荷对污泥微生态构成和系统处理效果均具有显著影响.     

啤酒废水改良Bardenpho工艺除磷脱氮技术研究

Bardenpho工艺内循环和污泥均回流至A1池,使A1池和A2池均含有较多的NO3—N,对高氮的啤酒废水除磷效果有所影响。在Bardenpho工艺缺氧段前增设厌氧池,并分流70%回流污泥至缺氧池,保证了磷的有效释放及好氧段磷的吸收能力,提高了除磷效果。第二缺氧-好氧段延长污泥龄至10～16d,提高了脱氮处理效果。出水的氮磷水质均有明显提高(NH3—N2.15mg/L、TP2.40mg/L)。     

啤酒废水处理节能优化改造与实践

通过啤酒废水处理多年的工程改造和运行管理实践,发现实际问题并介绍了啤酒废水处理在工艺选择、工艺运行控制、沼气利用、中水回用、污泥脱水系统排水以及锅炉除尘冲灰排水等方面的一些节能优化经验。     

城市生活垃圾除臭酵母的筛选与鉴定

以减少氨气释放量为主要指标,从初筛获得的具有除臭效果的菌种中复筛出一株J3菌株,其在实验室条件下可减少氨气释放量达80％以上,对生活垃圾具有明显的除臭效果。通过对其菌落和菌体形态特征观察及生理生化实验,初步确定为掷孢酵母。     

Assessment of source water contamination by estrogenic disrupting compounds in China

Detection of estrogenic disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking waters around China has led to rising concerns about health risks associated with these compounds. There is, however, a paucity of studies on the occurrence and identification of the main compounds responsible for this pollution in the source waters. To fill this void, we screened estrogenic activities of 23 source water samples from six main river systems in China, using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay. All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity, with E2 equivalents (EEQ) of raw water ranging from 0.08 to 2.40 ng/L. Additionally, 16 samples were selected for chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The EDCs of most concern, including estrone (E1), 17βup-estradiol (E2), 17αup-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), estradiol valerate (EV), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenols (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), were determined at concentrations of up to 2.98, 1.07, 2.67, 4.37, 2.52, 1.96, 89.52, 280.19 and 710.65 ng/L, respectively. Causality analysis, involving comparison of EEQ values from yeast assay and chemical analysis identified E2, EE2 and 4-NP as the main responsible compounds, accounting for the whole estrogenic activities (39.74% to 96.68%). The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and yeast assay could be used for the identification and evaluation of EDCs in source waters of China.     

高压电化学絮凝技术去除酿酒废水中总磷的研究

为了使酿酒废水中总磷有效去除并达标排放,通过对酿酒废水总磷的排放情况调查,有针对性的选用高压电化学絮凝技术,对酿酒废水中总磷的去除效果进行实验研究。从实验结果看,调节进水pH值为2.3、停留时间45分钟时总磷去除率可达到99%以上,在该条件下COD的去除率也能达到50%左右,废水总磷排放浓度能够达到1.0mg/L的排放要求。     

比较2种RAD54启动子调控的全酵母发光细胞对化学诱变原的评价效果

通过分子生物学技术构建2种不同RAD54启动子调控的yEGFP重组报告载体pRAD54￣yEGFP和pRAD54S￣yEGFP,前者启动子DNA为1.8 kb,后者为0.5 kb,分别转入W303￣1A酵母细胞,构建2种启动子调控的发光酵母细胞,用不同化学诱变原作用后,用流式细胞仪和多功能发光仪测定酵母的发光强度。结果发现2种启动子调控的酵母细胞的发光强度均与化学诱变原(甲磺酸甲脂、4￣硝基￣N￣氧化喹啉和5￣氟尿嘧啶)有明显的剂量效应关系,但是W303￣1A/RAD54￣yEGFP剂量效应关系较为明显,产生的最大诱导倍数(5.96、2.19和2.71)明显高于W303￣1A/RAD54S￣yEGFP所产生的最大诱导倍数(2.53、1.50和1.91),可能与启动子序列中转录因子的数量以及转录因子间协同增效作用有关。同时发现,流式细胞仪测定效果明显优于发光仪测定效果。所以在构建RAD54启动子调控重组酵母细胞筛选诱变时,选用全启动子序列效果较好。     

亚砷酸钠对酵母细胞抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化的影响

以模式生物酿酒酵母为材料,研究亚砷酸钠对细胞生长、抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及胞内活性氧(ROS)水平的影响。结果显示,加入亚砷酸钠(终浓度0.1~0.6 mmol·L~(-1))后,培养液在600 nm处的光密度值(OD600值)低于对照组,并呈浓度依赖性降低。经亚砷酸钠处理12 h后,酵母细胞中过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性均增高,但胞内ROS水平和MDA含量与对照组无显著差异。砷处理24 h后,POD在0.2 mmol·L~(-1)砷处理组中活性最高,而CAT、SOD和T-AOC活性呈浓度依赖性增高;胞内ROS水平和MDA含量在高浓度砷组(0.4和0.6 mmol·L~(-1))显著增高。结果表明,亚砷酸钠可抑制酵母细胞生长,改变细胞内抗氧化酶活性,较高浓度时可引起细胞氧化损伤。     

Preconcentration of samarium with modified yeast cells for its determination by atomic emission spectroscopy

A chelating-modified biosorbent is produced by coupling of a dye, procion red, to yeast cells. The resulting modified cells have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis and studied for preconcentration and determination of trace Sm(III). The optimum pH value for sorption of the samarium ions is 6.2. The sorption capacity of functionalized modified yeast cells is 7.2 mg g^?1. Recovery was 99% when Sm(III) was eluted with an aqueous solution of 0.1 mol L^?1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Scatchard analysis suggested that binding sites were homogeneous. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models, and the respective constants were determined as 1.0 (L mg^?1), 2.9 [(mg g^?1) (L mg^?1)^1/n], 2.4 × 10⁸ (L g^?1), and 30 (dm³ g^?1) at 20 °C. The method was applied for an Sm(III)-containing sample of ceramic industry effluent.     

海洋石油降解酵母的分离鉴定与降解特性

以原油为唯一碳源,采用富集培养、平板涂布分离、平板划线纯化及摇瓶复筛等方法,从表层海水或海泥中分离得到2株具有较强石油降解能力的菌株SYB-5和SYB-2. 根据菌落及菌体形态、生理生化特征和分子生物学分析、鉴定显示,SYB-5为季也蒙毕赤酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii/Pichia guilliermondii),SYB-2为长孢洛德酵母(Lodderomyces elongisporus). 对2株酵母菌的石油降解性能的研究结果表明,SYB-5和SYB-2以原油组分作为碳源,以(NH₄)₂SO₄和(NH₄)₃PO₄作为氮源,在ρ(NaCl)为30g/L、氧气充足的条件下,生长的最适温度分别为36和32℃,pH均为7.0. 在最适生长条件下,培养5d后的原油降解率分别达到45.8%和34.4%. 当2株菌混合培养时,培养5d的原油降解率可提高到53.9%,培养8d时达到56.4%,说明2株菌利用原油作碳源生长时具有协同作用.