Developing a Questionnaire for Measuring Safety Climate in the Workplace in Serbia

This study was conducted because a real method for measuring safety climate had never been developed and assessed in Serbian industry. The aim of this paper was to start the process of developing a safety climate questionnaire that could be used in Serbia. As a starting point a 21-item questionnaire was adopted after an extensive literature review. The questionnaire was distributed at several Serbian factories; 1098 workers responded. After a statistical analysis of the data obtained with the questionnaire and a critical comparison with the available reference results, a final questionnaire with 21 questions, divided into 7 groups, was developed. The 7 groups of questions (factors) were safety awareness and competence, safety communication, organizational environment, management support, risk judgment and management reaction, safety precautions and accident prevention, and safety training.     

Biomechanical Consequences of the Hand’s Action on Unstable Handle

The concept of muscular stabilization refers to imposing active muscular constraints on the joint degrees of freedom that are not used in a given motor task and the stabilization of unstable working objects. The human organism bears considerable cost due to the realization of this process, which in the case of muscular static force developed in relation to an unstable working object reaches approximately 24%. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) to determine the useful efficiency of the hand-working object system with an unstable handle in relation to the released muscular force and power dynamics and (b) to identify the relative contribution of the upper extremity muscles engaged in the realization of motor or stabilizing functions in the electromyography (EMG) sphere.     

论我国城市污水处理市场化过程中的政府职能

近来我国城市公用事业的市场化改革正在快速发展，但污水处理作为城市公用事业的，市城化改革进展却十分缓慢，绝大部分城市的污水处理行业仍在传统的政府断经营的轨道上运行，本文从我国现实出发，认为政府职能未能及时调整是导致改革进展缓慢的重要原因，提出必须以市场为导向定位政府职能，充分发挥市场机制在污水处理中的作用，并通过重点培育和完善市场及市场机制，加快城市基础设施建设投资体制改革，加强污水处理监管体制建设等措施，推进污水处理市场化改革，这对我国政府导推进城市其它公用事业市场化改革无疑具有重要的借鉴意义。     

长江山区航道雾情等级插值方法研究

根据长江山区航道相邻的5个观测站雾情等级及临近地区的气象要素,采用判别分析法,分季节、不同情景建立中间站雾情等级与其余4站雾情等级的判别方程,实现航道上任意地点雾情等级插值。结果表明：当周边2个站及以上观测到雾情时,目标站大多数实际雾的等级能准确推算出;当周边3个站及以上站没有观测到雾情时,目标站雾情插值基本依赖气象要素判断;春季和冬季雾情等级与气象要素高度相关,判别符合率高,而夏季和秋季空报有雾的概率较大。判别分析法也有一定的局限性,雾情等级空间插值还有待进一步研究     

高校图书馆服务功能的深化与创新

通过论述高校图书馆服务内涵的拓展,即服务方向和服务形式的转化,提出高校图书馆要创新服务理念和服务内容,并研究与探讨了高校图书馆服务的深化与创新途径。     

Qualitative modeling and monitoring of selected ecosystem functions

This paper proposes three qualitative models that were applied for modeling of Small Water Cycle violation in ecosystem of Trebon region, South Bohemia. SWC refers to the behavior of the local ecosystem (e.g., the Trebon region), in which the volume of water that comes into the ecosystem is evaporated and falls back into this system. SWC is characterized by early morning dues and frequent small rain precipitation. In the Trebon Biosphere Reserve characterized by wetlands, forests and agriculture land, the evaporated water rises quickly inside the zone and does not have time to recondense before it is transported outside the ecosystem to the distant mountains, where it condenses spontaneously in the rising air streams.The essential pre-model for developing our qualitative models is the database model implemented in the MS SQL environment. The data in this model were collected for last five years and contain information about SWC violation and about the landscape stability development. The database system is used for standard reports, for correlating digital and graphic runs from associated meteorological stations, and for computing the evapotranspiration at the points where the stations are located and also at approximate inter-points.In parallel, and in addition to this standard use of the database model, the data was applied in the development of qualitative models (state model, model for the detection of unexpected situations and matroid model). This transformation and compression of the data was done with help of experienced experts and with the help of special mathematical operations. Qualitative models introduced in this paper overcome experience with quantitative models namely in these items: (1) They provide compression of information contained in large volumes of numerical data. (2) On the contrary of individual quantitative modeling qualitative models enable to describe the function and properties of the whole ecosystem. (3) Conclusions from qualitative models are in many cases better than are the generalizations of results from quantitative models.The first goal of the paper is to model situations associated with violations of the Small Water Cycle (SWC) in this ecosystem, and to contribute to acceptable solutions. The second goal of the paper is to investigate temporary models for the stability of the landscape development and to propose qualitative models for software support for integrated environmental modeling.     

表征全吸力范围的土壤水分特征曲线模型评估及其转换函数构建

基于非饱和土壤水力性质数据库（UNSODA）中选取的从砂土到黏土共256个土壤样本,系统性地评价了表征全吸力范围的土壤水分特征曲线模型（LIAO模型）的适用性,并构建和验证了预测LIAO模型参数的土壤转换函数（PTFs）。结果表明：（1）与传统的van Genuchten模型（仅适用于描述毛管水运动）相比,LIAO模型对不同质地土壤水分特征曲线的预测精度更高,均方根误差（RMSE）降低了约45%;（2）LIAO模型参数与土壤基本性质（如砂粒、粉粒、黏粒、有机质含量和容重）之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中参数θ_s与容重的相关性（r=-0.783,P<0.01）最强,而其余参数与粉粒的相关程度最高;（3）基于逐步回归方法构建的PTFs能够解释LIAO模型参数总变异的31%~65%,其中对θ_s的预测精度最高,经双交叉验证表明PTFs稳定性较好。研究成果可为区域（尤其是干旱和半干旱地区）土壤水文模型提供参数支持。     

气象因子与地理因子对长江三峡库区雾的影响

为研究长江三峡库区气象因子与地理因子对雾情(能见度)的影响程度,定量描述以厘定影响雾发生的主要气象因子和地理因子,为能见度监测预报提供科学依据。选用2011~2012年长江三峡航道湖北宜昌至重庆宜宾段29个人工观测雾情台站资料和12个能见度观测仪资料,首先采用判别分析法寻找不同月份对雾情等级影响较大的气象因子,进一步采用通径分析法对量化的雾情资料分析地形地貌及气象因子对其的直接、间接影响程度。结果表明:常规气象要素对判断站点中雾和大雾的符合率在50%以上。风速、温度和湿度是影响秋末和冬季雾情等级的最主要气象因子。气象要素中的1 000 hPa湿度对能见度值的直接作用最大,通径系数为-0.518 2,而地理要素中山体与河面的落差对雾的滋生有间接作用。     

变化环境下北江流域水文极值演变特征、成因及影响

选用8种概率分布函数,系统分析北江上游犁市和下游石角2站的水文极值流量。以极大似然法估计函数参数,采用K-S、A-D、ABS和AIC拟合优度方法选出变化环境前后最优分布函数。并对水文极值流量变化规律及其影响作了有益探讨。结果表明:1991年后流域下垫面植被减少是造成年最大流量显著上升的主要原因。犁市站极值流量厚尾分布拟合最好,石角站薄尾分布拟合最优,变化环境前后洪水频率最优分布线型基本一致,但流量增大造成分布参数改变已导致分布线型高水尾部特性变陡,相应设计流量偏大。用水文情势发生变化前估计的洪水重现期往往不能很好地描述变化后洪水频率特征。北江上游及时修建防洪水利工程对减轻中下游的防洪压力尤为重要。