关于加强乌海市工业固体废弃物整治工作的几点思考

乌海市作为资源型城市,加之基础设施不完善,在经济快速发展的同时,产生了工业企业固体废物乱排、乱放、不按规定要求处置的现象,本文针对乌海市工业固废存在的突出问题提出了几点整治的建议。     

着陆气囊的缓冲机理与技术分析

对着陆气囊缓冲的作用机理和缓冲技术进行了对比分析,并且按照对着陆气囊的排气控制的形式、气囊集气方式以及2种方式相结合的形式对着陆缓冲气囊进行了分类;对当前国内外主要的着陆气囊进行了总结,并对其相应的着陆缓冲技术进行了分析;对着陆气囊缓冲技术的发展现状进行了分析总结,并提出了着陆气囊缓冲技术的发展趋势.     

大庆油田景观生态规划研究

通过大庆油田景观生态现状调查,分析存在的景观生态环境问题,提出切合实际的景观生态规划目标和原则,综合考虑油田生产设施用地、城镇用地、耕地、草地、林地、湿地以及未利用土地等因素,制定以土地利用类型、方式、强度和布局调整及生态基础设施建设为主的规划措施,旨在维护油田景观生态格局在区域背景下的功能和结构的完整和健康,强化景观生态系统生物生产、环境服务和文化支持的功能,实现油田生产与生态环境和谐共生。     

我国环境标志制度与产品发展现状研究

环境标志是政府管理部门或非政府组织(团体)向有关申报者颁发并表明其产品或服务符合国际或国家环境标准与保护要求的特定标志。我国目前已经形成了以绿色食品标志与有机食品标志为代表的农产品环境标志制度、以中国环境标志为代表的制造业及建筑产品环境标志制度和以能效标识为代表的能效标识制度,以及低碳产品认证制度。我国环境标志产品生产与出口取得了显著成绩,但与发展水平高的国家和地区比较,还存在较大的发展差距。     

G-H模式的缺陷及其改进

指出G-H模型在估算面源自身网格的大气污染物浓度时存在的严重缺陷。理论和实际两方面的分析表明,其根源在于G-H对自身网格的计算采用了不合理的面源均匀假定。采用面源局部均匀的假定,对G-H的自身网格模式作了改进。有效性分析表明,改进后的模式能适用于q（铅直向扩散参数σ_z的指数项,σ_z＝bx^q）的任何取值范围,其估算的浓度随大气稳定度的变化也与实际情况完全相符,值得在我国加以推广     

中国法规大气扩散模式及其与其他模式的比较

介绍了中国法规性大气扩散模式(CRADM),分析了CRADM和西方一些模式(如HPDM,AMS)的差别。采用同样条件作为输入,比较并讨论了CRADM,HPDM和AMS在各方面的性能差异。分析了中国大气扩散模式在环境影响评价应用中出现的一些问题,提出了改进建议。特别地,研究表明中性条件下Briggs烟气抬升公式对实际抬升有过高估计,原因是没有考虑环境湍流对烟羽的累积作用      

Three long-range transport models compared to the ETEX experiment: a performance study

For operational or research purposes (dispersion computations of radioactive effluents during nuclear emergency situations, simulations of chemical pollution in the vicinity of thermal power plants), different models of passive dispersion in the atmosphere have been developed at the Environment Department of EDF’s R and D Division. This report presents the comparison of the performances of three such models: DIFTRA (lagrangian puff model, with operational goal), DIFEUL (three dimensional eulerian) and DIFPAR (Monte Carlo particle model) for the simulation of the first ETEX release, an international tracer campaign during which a passive tracer cloud has been followed over Europe. The results obtained in this study give model vs. experience differences of the same order as the model vs. experience differences observed during an international model comparison experiment using data of the Chernobyl release, the ATMES exercise. In addition to the standard statistical scores used in the evaluation of the performances of the transport models two asymmetric scores (in contradistinction with the Figure of Merit in Space) are proposed: “efficiency” and “power”. Their aim is to separate the two manners in which a model may be wrong: by predicting presence of pollutant while none is measured or conversely predicting absence when pollutant is actually detected.     

A statistical methodology for the evaluation of long-range dispersion models: an application to the ETEX exercise

This paper describes the statistical methodology applied to evaluate the performance of the long-range dispersion models that were used in the modelling activities of ETEX (European Tracer EXperiment). The availability of a large number of models makes this exercise rather unique. These models are used for the practical purpose to quantify the contamination effects over a vast area, following a hypothetical accidental release of harmful material. This makes the quality judgement that could be attributed to the results of each model particularly important.The statistical indicators considered to be the most effective for the evaluation of long-range dispersion models are introduced and commented, with specific examples in the frame of ETEX simulations. The importance of using several indices and critically interpreting the results is discussed.     

Testing the importance of accurate meteorological input fields and parameterizations in atmospheric transport modelling using dream - validation against ETEX-1

A tracer model, the DREAM, which is based on a combination of a near-range Lagrangian model and a long-range Eulerian model, has been developed. The meteorological meso-scale model, MM5V1, is implemented as a meteorological driver for the tracer model. The model system is used for studying transport and dispersion of air pollutants caused by a single but strong source as, e.g. an accidental release from a nuclear power plant. The model system including the coupling of the Lagrangian model with the Eulerian model are described. Various simple and comprehensive parameterizations of the mixing height, the vertical dispersion, and different meterological input data have been implemented in the combined tracer model, and the model results have been validated against measurements from the ETEX-1 release. Several different statistical parameters have been used to estimate the differences between the parameterizations and meterological input data in order to find the best performing solution.