淮北矿业集团公司矿井水利用现状及前景

论述了淮北矿业集团公司矿井水利用现状，提出了矿井水污染治理，利用技术和发展前景。对防治煤矿矿井水污染，节约地下水资源提出了具体措施。     

水中触电危险性浅析及对策研究

通过典型事故案例分析,针对具有水中触电危险场所及极度潮湿场所触电事故多发、隐患严重以及相关技术标准不健全的现状,对水中触电危险性及预防这一课题进行了初步分析与研究,通过实验,初步了解了水的导电特性以及在带电的水中电压、电位差分布状况;对人体在带电的水中受到电击时的电压分布,触电电流走向进行了分析。笔者提出多项改进措施,在接地、接零系统中采用大幅度降低保护零线阻抗和重复接地电阻值以及加强等电位措施,正确使用漏电开关及安全隔离变压器等方法。上述改进措施具有一定的实用价值和可操作性,从而解决具有水中触电危险场所及极度潮湿场所的电气安全问题。     

关于我国政府对重大突发事件管理现状的问卷调查与分析

在对我国的6个大中城市涉及重大突发事件的相关部门进行了问卷调查与访谈的基础上,通过对263份有效问卷的统计数据处理,笔者分析了被调查者对重大突发事件的基本认识、现有的重大突发事件政府管理现状、我国重大突发事件政府管理中存在的问题。从中得到了重大突发事件自身的发展有其一定的规律性、对社会的影响的主要原因、我国重大突发事件政府管理模式的基本现状和存在的问题,并指出了必须针对重大突发事件的发展规律,提高政府对现有的重大突发事件管理效率,构建相应的政府预警管理模式。最后,提出了我国政府对重大突发事件管理模式的改进意见,期望政府能对重大突发事件管理模式的构建有所参考和启示。     

Spatial Variability and Source-Receptor Relations at a Street Intersection

A wind tunnel study of dispersion at a simple urban intersection comprising two perpendicular streets is described. Concentration and flow field measurement were undertaken to determine the importance of the exchange of pollutants between the streets and to investigate source-receptor relationships at the intersection. The results showed that only in a symmetrical situation were exchanges negligible and that small departures from symmetry, brought about in the experiments through an off-set in the street alignment or a change of orientation relative to the wind, were sufficient to establish significant exchanges. The results also showed that significant structure appeared in the concentration fields in the streets as a result. Examples are shown where concentrations on one side of a street are entirely due to emissions from the perpendicular street, whereas on the opposite side concentrations depend on emission upwind in the same street as the receptor. The results imply that exchanges between street systems are likely to be the norm in practice and that the consequences of such exchanges are not confined to the immediate vicinity of the intersection.     

Improvements in Air Quality Modelling by Using Surface Boundary Layer Parameters derived from Satellite Land Cover Data

Many atmospheric dispersion models include only simpletreatment of surface features to estimate the wind profilesand stability parameters. Detailed characterisation of theland cover, particularly in large and complex urbanconurbations, is especially important, as the surfacefeatures can vary significantly over the area. This paperdiscusses the use of satellite land cover data to derivespatially resolved surface boundary layer (SBL) parameters.These parameters have been used in an air quality model,PEARL (Prediction Air Quality in Urban and RegionalLocations) for estimating monthly and annual COconcentrations. Land cover data, derived from LANDSATThematic Mapper Imagery, has been used to estimate SBLparameters (surface roughness length, albeedo, Bowen ratioand anthropogenic heat flux) for a study area of 10000km² encompassing Greater London and the surroundingcounties. The SBL parameters have been assigned according tomajor land cover types for the whole area at a spatialresolution of 1 × 1 km. Predictions from two versions of the PEARL model (one with land cover data and one without)have been compared with each other and with measured data forannual and monthly CO concentrations from seven London airquality monitoring sites. This comparison shows thatdifferences between predicted and observed values can bereduced by up to a factor of three. The use of SBLparameters derived from land cover data also yields moredetailed predicted annual CO spatial patterns especially inand around suburban areas. The performance of both versionsof the model for monthly CO concentrations has been comparedwith a range of statistical measures. This comparisonconfirms that improved agreement is observed betweenmodelled and measured monthly CO concentrations when use ismade of spatially resolved SBL parameters.     

国外石油天然气开采行业清洁生产技术发展动态

对比和分析了各国或国际组织关于清洁生产含义的不同解释方法,阐述了石油天然气开采行业清洁生产的基本概念。在此基础上,按照物探、钻井、井下作业(包括试油、酸化及酸压、压裂、修井)、采油及采气生产几个工艺环节,对国际上石油天然气开采行业清洁生产最新技术进行了详细总结和分析。针对我国相关行业的清洁生产水平,提出了实用有效的技术发展对策和建议。     

Symptomatic profile and health‐related quality of life of persons affected by the Prestige catastrophe

This study analyses the impact of the Prestige oil spill on the mental health and the perception of physical health and functional capacity in the affected population. The sample comprised 926 residents from the section of the Spanish coast affected by the oil spill. The data was collected slightly more than one year after the accident. Scales referring to clinical symptoms (SCL‐36) and health‐related quality of life (SF‐36) were administered. The results suggest that individuals with higher degrees of exposure or residing in areas closest to the spill show lower levels of mental health in comparison to those with lower levels of exposure or living in areas farther away from the spill. This study also finds that women and fishermen tend to suffer more from the consequences of these types of disaster.     

我国应急预案体系现状及展望——以上海为例

应急预案在自然灾害等突发事件发生时可以起到迅速反应的作用,因此成为突发事件应急管理中重要的一环。我国的应急预案体系已经基本建成,但还存在着预案格式雷同、脱离部门实际、分级体系科学性和可操作性不强、不同预案间接洽性不够、预案建设数量质量不够、缺乏后续管理等种种问题。分析了国内应急预案体系的现状,并探讨了对应急预案体系的改进方法。     

Voluntary emission reduction market in China: development,management status and future supply

The voluntary emission reduction (VER) trading mechanism has played an important role in China’s seven pilot carbon markets. From a comprehensive review of the VER trading and offsetting mechanisms since 2013, this study analyses the quality management of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) in the pilot carbon markets, conducts a comparative analysis of the geographical and field distributions of proposed and registered projects and emission reductions and provides the CCER supply outlook for 2020 in the aspects of on record, project registration, emission reduction registration and emission reduction issuance. Results show that the potential number of CCER projects by 2020 will be 2,864, 1,047, 818, and 286 with the corresponding emission reductions amounting to 493, 212, 133, and 49 million tCO₂e, respectively. Although considerable progress has been made, China remains confronted with many challenges in developing the VER trading system. Accordingly, policy stability and continuity and guarding against market risks should be maintained to enable the system to play a substantial role in promoting ecological progress and green low-carbon development in China.     

基质固相分散-快速溶剂萃取-GC/MS法同时测定土壤中有机氯农药和多环芳烃

建立了基质固相分散-ASE提取-GC/MS法同时测定土壤中8种有机氯农药和16种多环芳烃的方法。对方法的线性、检出限、精密度、回收率及土壤质控样品进行了分析,结果表明,8种有机氯农药和16种多环芳烃线性良好,相关系数为0.997 5～0.999 8,方法检出限为0.39～1.57μg/kg,空白加标样品的相对标准偏差小于20%,实际土壤样品加标回收率为60.6%～125%,土壤质控样品结果均在范围内。该方法能够满足土壤中8种有机氯农药和16种多环芳烃的检测要求。