交叉口机动车尾气污染扩散模型综述

文章介绍了美国主要的交叉口尾气污染扩散模型,并对模型进行了比较评价,探讨了传统交叉口扩散模型的缺陷;介绍了国内外交叉口尾气扩散研究的最新发展动态,最后提出了提高模型精度和发展新模型的几点建议。     

内蒙古生态建设状况综合评价与分析

依据国家林业局提出的评估生态建设状况的量化方法,结合内蒙古生态建设的现状,选取了森林、荒漠、水土流失、生物多样性、湿地、草原、农田、城市生态状况等8项指标来判断内蒙古的生态建设状况.在运用专家打分法和生态综合指数评价模型确定各指标权重和计算其生态综合指数的基础上,对自治区近5 a的生态建设状况进行了综合评价与分析.内蒙古生态综合指数经计算为1.05,表明自治区的生态建设形势和全国一样,处于生态治理与生态破坏的相持阶段,且其判断指标大多处于相持状态,有的已处于治理大于破坏阶段.     

我国垃圾焚烧技术现状及发展预测

本文论述了在我国宏观政策环境下的垃圾焚烧技术的发展现状,并对垃圾焚烧技术的应用发展趋势进行了分析预测。     

Chaotic Behavior and Pollution Dispersion Characteristics in Engineered Tidal Embayments: A Numerical Investigation1

Abstract: This paper presents a numerical investigation of approaches to enhance the mixing and dispersion processes in tidal areas by effecting changes in the natural estuary system. It compares the impact of various estuary modifications stemming from human intervention to pollutant dispersion and chaotic flow within the estuary including the implications of alteration of the original channel shape, change of the channel bathymetry, and modification of the tidal signal. Our findings indicate that chaotic flow analysis is similar in many regards, but not all, to conventional dispersion analysis. Specifically, we conclude that (1) simplification of the flow regime reduces chaotic flow patterns and tracer particle dispersion, (2) creation of extensively protruding barriers and/or installation of barriers on opposite sides of the main stem of the estuary enhances particle dispersion and chaotic mixing, (3) installation of underwater berms has relatively minor beneficial, but highly localized, effects on chaotic regime and particle dispersion, and (4) increasing the tidal signal amplitude was shown to increase chaotic and dispersion properties of the estuarine system. A parametric study investigating the effect of several geometrical configurations and tidal signals on characteristics of chaotic flows concludes the paper.     

井喷硫化氢扩散分析

井喷有毒气体扩散对周围居民的危害很大[1],由于井场所位于的山区地形下垫面特殊,气体扩散的过程比较复杂,无法用普通的烟羽模式进行模拟,本文采用大涡模型以及贴体网格技术、卫星遥感技术,对某地区发生泄漏进行研究并进行三维数值模拟,模拟结果显示了气体扩散的时空分布以及对人员的危害,通过模拟结果,可以对井场地区的安全情况作出评价,能够对应急人员疏散策略及安全区域规划的制定提供帮助。     

关于我国当前水质自动监测站管理机制的探讨

随着水质自动监测站数量的不断增加，水质自动监测站的管理问题日渐突出，由于缺乏必要的管理经验和管理制度，出现了各种各样的管理模式。水质自动监测站的建成实现了间断性人工监测向连续性自动监测的转变，实现了水质监测实时远程控制的连续性，高频次的监测结果更能客观、准确地判断断面水质的质量状况，使得河流水质评价更具科学性、准确性，能更好地服务于环境管理工作。     

中小型燃煤锅炉SO2治理技术现状及建议

综述了国内中小型燃煤锅炉脱硫技术现状，在此基础上根据我国国情阐明了选择脱硫工艺应遵循的原则，并就中小型燃煤锅炉开展脱硫工作提出了建议。     

SEWAGE DISCHARGES FROM SHIPS TRANSITING COASTAL SALT WATERS1

ABSTRACT: A number of aspects of the discharging of non-oily wastewaters by transiting ships are treated in this overview paper. In the introduction, options to discharging (the use of holding tank, on board treatment) and the impact of changing regulations are discussed. Assessment of the effects of sewage discharges on coastal waters required that data, at first not available, be generated. An account is given of the characterization of Navy shipboard wastewaters and of experiments involving sewage discharges at sea, measurements of water quality before, during and after an amphibious operation, and fore and aft of transitting Navy ships. A better understanding of sewage dilution after discharge led to the verification of a method for controlled discharging of sewage (and other wastewaters). This method permits limiting the coliform bacteria count in the ship's wake to values below acceptable limits. The final sections contain information on long range effects of ships’sewage discharges, obtained in studies by the U.S. Navy and others, as well as public health considerations.     

The relationship between perceived risk of being ticketed and self-reported seat belt use

PROBLEM: Twenty-nine percent of Americans failed to use their seat belts in 2000. Efforts to improve safety belt usage can be enhanced by identifying specific factors that motivate belt use. METHOD: Motorist survey data were used to examine the effect of Perceived Risk of being Ticketed (PRT) for a seat belt infraction on self-reported seat belt use. RESULTS: Analyses indicated that individuals and groups of individuals who have higher PRT typically report higher belt usage. Factorial analyses indicated that this perceived risk to belt use relationship holds both within groups with generally high (e.g., upper income) and generally low (e.g. young men) overall self-reported belt use. DISCUSSION: Applications of PRT to improve seat belt use are discussed. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Enforcement of existing laws, perhaps through selective traffic enforcement programs, and strengthening laws to create a higher perception of being ticketed by motorists should increase safety belt use thereby saving lives and reducing cost for individuals, government, and industry.