Measurements of Traffic-Induced Turbulence within a Street Canyon during the Nantes'99 Experiment

A full scale experiment has been performed in a streetcanyon, the Rue de Strasbourg in Nantes (France). Thiscampaign, the Nantes'99 experiment, provided a detaileddata base documenting, amongst others, the production ofturbulent kinetic energy (TKE) by vehicles within thestreet. Airflow and CO concentration measurements have beenanalysed during days with low wind perpendicular to thestreet axis, i.e. for conditions expected to greatly favourthe enhancement of the turbulence produced by traffic onflow and dispersion within the street canyon. It is shownthat traffic is associated with an increase in turbulentkinetic energy at the lowest levels of the street,especially at the leeward side of the street. It issuggested that turbulent kinetic energy increases with thenumber of vehicles up to a threshold value and thendecreases when vehicles form a `block' shape that limitsthe additional production of turbulence. Moreover, it issuggested that traffic-produced turbulence affectspollutant dispersion reducing CO concentration at the lowerlevels of the leeward side of the street from a thresholdvalue of TKE equal to about 0.15 m² s^-2. On the other hand, high traffic density generates less turbulencewhich in turn leads to a lower pollutant dispersion.     

基于GIS的城市最小生态用地空间分析模型研究——以深圳市为例

21世纪,全球范围内城市化已经成为人类社会发展的必然趋势,城市扩张不可避免地将大量的森林、农田、草地、湿地和水域等发挥着重要生态服务功能的生态用地转化为城市建设用地,对城市、区域乃至全球的生态系统造成较大的影响。在未来快速城市化过程中,保护必需的生态用地对于维持城市自身生态系统健康、改善城市居民生活质量和城市可持续发展有着重要意义。研究以中国经济特区深圳市为例,将景观生态概念模型与生态系统服务功能价值评估方法结合起来,在GIS技术的支持下,构建了城市最小生态用地空间分析模型,并分别按照保留城市面积30%、40%、50%和60%生态用地的4种情景,分析最小生态用地空间分布的合理性,结果表明论文所构建的最小生态用地模型能够很好地将城市当中具有重要生态系统服务功能的土地提取出来。     

抗抑郁症中药的研究现状

由于化学合成抗抑郁药在长期服用后会出现严重的毒副作用,因此作用温和、副作用少的传统中药及其方剂越来越受到人们的关注和患者的欢迎．本文从几种中药及其方剂的作用机制和抗抑郁效果方面,对目前国内外抗抑郁中药的研究现状进行综述．参13．     

Study on convection and dispersion characteristics of dense gases in urban environment considering trees

Although several studies on the dispersion of heavy toxic gas released from ruptured tanks on vehicles during transportation have considered complex terrain such as urban buildings, the influence of trees on the flow field in urban areas during gas dispersion tends to be ignored. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was proposed to investigate the characteristics of gas release and dispersion from loaded vehicle in the urban environment. In this model, the tree crown was treated as a porous medium, and the influence of drag due to the crown was incorporated into the model by a momentum source term through a user-defined function. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of chlorine (Cl₂) dispersion under the conditions of building distribution, tree species and porosities were comprehensively analysed, to cover the influence of urban complexity, leaf density, and tree planting configuration. The results show that compared with flat terrain, the presence of urban buildings will prolong the dense gas retention time and increase the dangerous distance. It is found that the horizontal dispersion distance can increase by 63% and the isosurface of 25 ppm hazardous gas can increase by 130% with the introduction of buildings. Compared with the terrain with only buildings, the introduction of arbors or shrubs can result in a 147% or 359% increase in the maximum concentration. Also, trees will prolong the dispersion duration. It is also found that the higher the porosity, the less the wind blocking effect, and the weaker the ability of capturing gas. The wind field affected by arbores and shrubs are different in height, and arbores capture more Cl₂. Planting short shrubs around buildings can effectively reduce the spread of harmful gases.     

Orchid conservation in the biodiversity hotspot of southwestern China

Xishuangbanna is on the northern margins of tropical Asia in southwestern China and has the largest area of tropical forest remaining in the country. It is in the Indo‐Burma hotspot and contains 16% of China's vascular flora in <0.2% of the country's total area (19,690 km²). Rapid expansion of monoculture crops in the last 20 years, particularly rubber, threatens this region's exceptional biodiversity. To understand the effects of land‐use change and collection on orchid species diversity and determine protection priorities, we conducted systematic field surveys, observed markets, interviewed orchid collectors, and then determined the conservation status of all orchids. We identified 426 orchid species in 115 genera in Xishuangbanna: 31% of all orchid species that occur in China. Species richness was highest at 1000–1200 m elevation. Three orchid species were assessed as possibly extinct in the wild, 15 as critically endangered, 82 as endangered, 124 as vulnerable, 186 as least concern, and 16 as data deficient. Declines over 20 years in harvested species suggested over‐collection was the major threat, and utility value (i.e., medicinal or ornamental value) was significantly related to endangerment. Expansion of rubber tree plantations was less of a threat to orchids than to other taxa because only 75 orchid species (17.6%) occurred below the 1000‐m‐elevation ceiling for rubber cultivation, and most of these (46) occurred in nature reserves. However, climate change is projected to lift this ceiling to around 1300 m by 2050, and the limited area at higher elevations reduces the potential for upslope range expansion. The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden is committed to achieving zero plant extinctions in Xishuangbanna, and orchids are a high priority. Appropriate in and ex situ conservation strategies, including new protected areas and seed banking, have been developed for every threatened orchid species and are being implemented.     

The different paths to post‐merger identification for employees from high and low status pre‐merger organizations

A well‐known downside of organizational mergers is that employees fail to identify with the newly formed organization. We argue that developing an understanding of factors that affect post‐merger identification requires taking the pre‐merger status of the merger partners relative to each other into account. This is because relative pre‐merger status determines employees' susceptibility to different aspects of the merger process. Specifically, for employees of a high status pre‐merger organization, we expected post‐merger identification to be strongly influenced by (i) pre‐merger identification and (ii) the perceived change in the status. In contrast, we expected post‐merger identification of employees of a low status pre‐merger organization to be strongly affected by the perceived justice of the merger event. Longitudinal data were obtained from a merger of two public sector organizations and the results supported our hypotheses. Our study shows that the extent to which pre‐merger identification, status change, and justice are important determinants of post‐merger identification depends on the relative pre‐merger status of the merger partners. Our discussion focuses on theoretical implications and managerial ramifications of these findings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

同安湾海域近十年水环境质量状况分析与评价研究

根据2002年-2011年同安湾海域水质监测结果,采用单因子污染指数评价法和富营养化水平法对同安湾海域近十年水质状况进行分析与评价。结果表明,该海域主要污染因子为无机氮和活性磷酸盐,各年均值大部分超三类海水水质标准;溶解氧、化学需氧量、重金属(汞、铜、铅、镉)及砷、油类均符合一类海水水质标准。该海域目前处于N高P低的富营养状态,氮磷比趋势不够稳定,但磷限制性富营养化趋势有所下降。     

对开展农村环境联片整治的重要性的初步认识及建议

随着农村经济的不断发展,农村环境污染日趋严重。虽然吉林省在农村环境污染防治和生态保护方面取得了一些成效,但农村环保工作仍然十分薄弱。农村环境连片整治示范项目以饮用水水源保护和人居环境质量改善为主要目标,重点支持农村饮用水水源地保护、生活污水和生活垃圾污染治理、畜禽养殖污染治理与综合利用等项目。基于吉林省农村环境存在的共性问题和污染成因分析,有关人士提出了“切实保护农村饮用水源地,加强村庄生活污染治理力度,畜禽养殖污染治理,工矿企业污染治理,农业面源污染治理”等五方面治理措施,有利于促进全省农村环境的有效改善。     

典型湖泊有机聚集体时空特征及驱动因子

有机聚集体(OA)是水体中物质循环和能量流通的重要枢纽,但在不同营养水平湖泊中的比较研究仍相当匮乏.于2019～2021年间,采集了不同季节贫营养抚仙湖、中营养天目湖、中度富营养太湖和重度富营养星云湖表层水样,利用扫描电镜、表面荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪等研究了4个典型湖泊中OA及其附着细菌的时空变化特征.结果表明：(1)抚仙湖、天目湖、太湖和星云湖中,OA丰度的年均值分别为1.4×10⁴、 7.0×10⁴、 27.7×10⁴和16.0×10⁴ind·mL^-1; OA附着细菌丰度的年均值分别为0.3×10⁶、 1.9×10⁶、 4.9×10⁶和6.2×10⁶ cells·mL^-1;附着细菌占总细菌的比值分别为30%、 31%、 50%和38%.(2)夏季OA丰度显著高于秋冬季;但夏季附着细菌占总细菌的比值为26%,显著低于其它3个季节.(3)湖泊营养状态是影响OA及其附着细...