重庆典型在产石化场地土壤污染特征及来源解析

以重庆市某在产石化场地土壤为研究对象,采用正定矩阵分解模型等方法对研究区域土壤重金属和挥发性有机污染物进行污染源定量解析.结果表明：①石化场地及周边土壤中金属镉、铜、铅、汞和锰含量的平均值高于重庆地区土壤背景值,6%采样点中钴的含量高于建设用地第一类用地风险筛选值（GB 36600-2018）;场地土壤中汞、锰、氯仿、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯和邻-二甲苯的污染程度较场地周边土壤更为严重,场地工业生产活动会对场地土壤造成显著污染.②场地土壤中8种重金属主要归为4类来源：62.50%镉、54.53%镍、54.12%铜、51.26%钴、49.34%铅和31.80%汞来自于工业和农业活动混合源;47.61%锰来自于场地原料生产活动排放和自然源;62.79%汞、21.57%砷、19.43%锰和18.42%镉来自于燃煤工业活动排放源;78.01%砷、46%铅、39.94%铜、38.15%镍、36.49%钴、26.12%锰和14.29%镉来自于成土母质源.③场地土壤中7种挥发性有机污染物主要归为3类来源：86.49%二氯甲烷和90.14%四氯乙烯来自于石化场地人为活动源;98.88%间/对-二甲苯、96.28%邻-二甲苯、84.62%乙苯和76.46%甲苯来自于石化场地污染物泄漏源,80.24%氯仿来自于自然源.     

武汉市东湖抗生素污染现状及生态风险评估

对东湖水域内16个点位进行采样,采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪对28种抗生素做了污染现状调查及生态风险评估。研究发现,有20种抗生素在不同点位被检出,检出浓度由高到低为：喹诺酮类、氯霉素类和磺胺类,污染物检出情况总体呈现“南高北低,东高西低”的结果。考虑到东湖南部采样点位周边有多个农业种植、水产养殖和畜禽养殖地及其对东湖的潜在抗生素污染,证实了人类活动与抗生素污染密切相关。对抗生素采用风险商法做生态风险评估,结果表明,东湖南部采样点位的恶喹酸和氟甲喹的生态环境风险处于较低水平,其他抗生素的生态风险可以忽略。     

我国天然水体中环境雌激素的污染现状及其生态效应研究进展

作为一种新兴的环境污染物,环境中的雌激素存在于各种介质中,并且已经被证实对生物存在危害。结合国内外的研究成果,综述了不同种类的环境雌激素在我国天然水体中污染现状以及环境雌激素对人类、水生生物和微生物的生态效应。在此基础上,对我国未来开展环境雌激素相关研究和如何应对环境雌激素污染问题进行了展望。     

自然灾害综合区划研究的现状与展望

概要分析了当前国内外自然灾害区划研究的现状,对比分析了国内已有的若干自然灾害区划方案,作者认为,当前自然灾害区划的特点是精度要求高,区划指标从单一指标向综合指标发展,区划方法从定性分析向定量分析发展,采用以从下往上为主,从上往下的辅的分区方法,已有的模糊聚类分析方法存在有局限性,应在３Ｓ技术支持下发展新的,基于空间邻域分析的区划方法。     

Classification of coastal waters according to the new Italian water legislation and comparison with the European Water Directive

New legislation for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and ground waters has recently been established in Italy. This law presents a new integrated approach, where all water bodies are considered as complex ecosystems to be studied in each of their components. The new concept of environmental quality of the water body, based on the ecological and chemical status, is also introduced. At the same time (i.e. the end of 2000), the European Community approved the European Water Framework Directive based on the same basic environmental concepts and criteria of the new Italian law. This paper analyses the important points and innovations required by the new Italian legislation for monitoring and classification of marine coastal waters. Details of definitions, parameters, analysis and monitoring programs are discussed. A comparison with the European Water Framework Directive is eventually given, underlining the specific characteristics of the Mediterranean sea, which have to be taken into consideration when applying the European Directive to this particular ecoregion.     

镇雄县乌江水系郭家河流域污染现状调查及总量预测分析

对郭家河流域进行系统的数据收集、实地调查、污染因子监测,并通过总量预测分析,掌握境内乌江水系郭家河流域各污染源,确定流域水质超标主要原因,提出针对性的保护措施。     

中国废电器回收处理管理现状及对策研究

中国对废电器的管理起步相对较晚,在管理过程中仍然存在问题和不足,国内外的形势迫切要求中国要不断完善废电器回收处理管理体系,提升废电器回收率,构建多元化、网络化的回收处理管理模式.通过对比和分析国内外废电器的管理措施,结合中国废电器回收处理基金制度取得的主要成效和问题,从法律法规、生产商管理、信息化结合、环保宣传四个方面提出对策和建议.     

浅析安太堡矿区大气污染现状和防治对策

露天开采过程中产生大量的粉尘和有害气体,严重污染了环境。本文对安太堡矿区大气污染现状进行了初步分析,并结合矿区的实际提出了防治措施。     

Validation of modeling approach to evaluate congener-specific concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in air and soil near a solid waste incinerator

A concise modeling approach using long-term averaged meteorological data was developed to estimate site-specific concentrations of congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) near a solid waste incinerator. This approach consists of calculation of atmospheric dispersion, dry and wet deposition of gaseous and particle-bound congeners, and non-steady-state concentrations in soil. The predictability of this approach was evaluated by comparison of calculated concentrations of congeners in soil with those measured at eight locations near a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The variation of these concentrations due to variability of meteorological parameters is small. A considerable number of mean values show good agreement with measured concentrations within a factor of three. The reasonable agreement between calculated and measured concentrations indicates that algorithms for the calculation of vapor-phase deposition and non-steady-state concentrations in soil must be included in the modeling approach for an accurate estimation of the concentrations of congeners of PCDD/Fs emitted from MSWIs to the atmosphere. For a detailed estimation of site-specific concentrations, it is important to specify the bulk density of soil in the evaluated area, together with meteorological parameters.     

A review of Australian approaches for monitoring,assessing and reporting estuarine condition: I. International context and evaluation criteria

Given the immeasurable value of estuaries and their severe and growing pressures, sound understanding and reporting of estuarine condition is essential for their effective management and sustainable development. In light of this, we aim to provide a timely and comprehensive three-part review of the approaches currently employed for monitoring, assessing and reporting estuarine condition, focussing on Australian systems. Here, in Part 1, we establish the national and international context of our review and define globally-relevant evaluation criteria against which to assess Australian progress. We achieve this by examining effective monitoring, assessment and reporting programs from around the world and characterising ‘best practice’. We then highlight the Australian historical context and consider recent policies, frameworks, guidelines and legislation relating to the monitoring and reporting of estuarine condition nationwide.