中国废电器回收处理管理现状及对策研究

中国对废电器的管理起步相对较晚,在管理过程中仍然存在问题和不足,国内外的形势迫切要求中国要不断完善废电器回收处理管理体系,提升废电器回收率,构建多元化、网络化的回收处理管理模式.通过对比和分析国内外废电器的管理措施,结合中国废电器回收处理基金制度取得的主要成效和问题,从法律法规、生产商管理、信息化结合、环保宣传四个方面提出对策和建议.     

浅析安太堡矿区大气污染现状和防治对策

露天开采过程中产生大量的粉尘和有害气体,严重污染了环境。本文对安太堡矿区大气污染现状进行了初步分析,并结合矿区的实际提出了防治措施。     

Validation of modeling approach to evaluate congener-specific concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in air and soil near a solid waste incinerator

A concise modeling approach using long-term averaged meteorological data was developed to estimate site-specific concentrations of congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) near a solid waste incinerator. This approach consists of calculation of atmospheric dispersion, dry and wet deposition of gaseous and particle-bound congeners, and non-steady-state concentrations in soil. The predictability of this approach was evaluated by comparison of calculated concentrations of congeners in soil with those measured at eight locations near a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The variation of these concentrations due to variability of meteorological parameters is small. A considerable number of mean values show good agreement with measured concentrations within a factor of three. The reasonable agreement between calculated and measured concentrations indicates that algorithms for the calculation of vapor-phase deposition and non-steady-state concentrations in soil must be included in the modeling approach for an accurate estimation of the concentrations of congeners of PCDD/Fs emitted from MSWIs to the atmosphere. For a detailed estimation of site-specific concentrations, it is important to specify the bulk density of soil in the evaluated area, together with meteorological parameters.     

A review of Australian approaches for monitoring,assessing and reporting estuarine condition: I. International context and evaluation criteria

Given the immeasurable value of estuaries and their severe and growing pressures, sound understanding and reporting of estuarine condition is essential for their effective management and sustainable development. In light of this, we aim to provide a timely and comprehensive three-part review of the approaches currently employed for monitoring, assessing and reporting estuarine condition, focussing on Australian systems. Here, in Part 1, we establish the national and international context of our review and define globally-relevant evaluation criteria against which to assess Australian progress. We achieve this by examining effective monitoring, assessment and reporting programs from around the world and characterising ‘best practice’. We then highlight the Australian historical context and consider recent policies, frameworks, guidelines and legislation relating to the monitoring and reporting of estuarine condition nationwide.     

Effects of building aspect ratio, diurnal heating scenario, and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons

A photochemistry coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical model has been developed to model the reactive pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons, particularly integrating the interrelationship among diurnal heating scenario (solar radiation affections in nighttime, daytime, and sun-rise/set), wind speed, building aspect ratio (building-height-to-street-width), and dispersion of reactive gases, specifically nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) such that a higher standard of air quality in metropolitan cities can be achieved. Validation has been done with both experimental and numerical results on flow and temperature fields in a street canyon with bottom heating, which justifies the accuracy of the current model. The model was applied to idealized street canyons of different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 8 with two different ambient wind speeds under different diurnal heating scenarios to estimate the influences of different aforementioned parameters on the chemical evolution of NO, NO₂ and O₃. Detailed analyses of vertical profiles of pollutant concentrations showed that different diurnal heating scenarios could substantially affect the reactive gases exchange between the street canyon and air aloft, followed by respective dispersion and reaction. Higher building aspect ratio and stronger ambient wind speed were revealed to be, in general, responsible for enhanced entrainment of O₃ concentrations into the street canyons along windward walls under all diurnal heating scenarios. Comparatively, particular attention can be paid on the windward wall heating and nighttime uniform surface heating scenarios.     

辽宁省海域使用现状分析及调整对策

在ARCGIS平台上对比辽宁省海洋功能区划和海域使用现状数据,指出了辽宁省养殖用海、港口用海、旅游用海和围海造地用海不符合海洋功能区划的数量和位置,针对海域使用存在的问题,提出了辽宁省海域使用的调整对策。     

郑州市声环境质量现状评价及防治对策研究

通过对2013年郑州市城市声环境常规监测数据的统计分析,对郑州市城市声环境质量进行了评价,评价结果显示:全市声环境质量呈现出生活噪声影响范围变大、城市道路交通噪声污染加剧、建筑施工噪声依然严重、工业噪声影响减少等特征.提出城市合理规划、加强联合执法等噪声污染控制措施,减少各类噪声的排放,为城市居民创造舒适的工作、学习和生活环境.     

When is female leadership an advantage? Coordination requirements,team cohesion,and team interaction norms

This study seeks to understand to what extent and in what contexts women leaders may be advantageous for teams. More specifically, this study examines how team leader gender relates to team cohesion, cooperative learning, and participative communication. Furthermore, the study argues that advantages derived from female leadership may be contingent on teams' coordination requirements. I propose that as teams' coordination requirements increase (i.e., with functional diversity, size, and geographic dispersion), teams with women leaders report more cohesion and more cooperative and participative interaction norms than those with men leaders. I aggregated survey responses from the members of 82 teams in 29 organizations at the team level. Findings from hierarchical linear modeling analyses suggest that female leadership is more positively associated with cohesion on larger and more functionally diverse teams and more positively associated with cooperative learning and participative communication on larger and geographically dispersed teams. These results call for more research on boundary conditions on the relationship between leader gender and team outcomes, on the role of relational leadership on complex and diverse teams and, ultimately, on the potential mediating role of cohesion and team interaction norms on the relationship between leader gender and team performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水幕稀释罐区LNG泄漏扩散试验与模拟研究

为缓解液化天然气(LNG)泄漏事故后果,利用有色发烟剂模拟LNG泄漏扩散行为,研究水幕的关键参数,包括安装位置、安装高度等对罐区LNG泄漏云团稀释效果的影响,并采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT验证试验结果。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合,表明有色发烟剂试验能够定性模拟罐区LNG泄漏扩散及水幕稀释云团效果。水幕安装在储罐与泄漏源中间,并且安装高度高于云团2倍以上,能够有效稀释LNG云团,保护储罐安全。水幕稀释云团的主要物理机制是液滴与空气间动量交换抬升云团高度,形成的旋涡卷吸空气进入云团内部,加速云团稀释。     

广西建设项目环境监理发展现状和对策研究

介绍了我国建设项目环境监理工作的起源和发展,以及广西环境监理工作的现状;梳理了试点省份建设项目环境监理的主要做法、成功经验和存在问题;重点对其工作管理模式、监管要求、收费标准及对机构、人员素质的要求等加以总结;针对广西建设项目环境监理管理体系尚未建立等实际,提出了当前广西环境监理初步发展的建议。