岫岩农村生态环境现状分析及综合防治对策

根据岫岩的自然环境特点和自然资源状况,分析了岫岩农村生态环境现状和存在的主要问题,提出了加强农村生态环境建设的主要对策:合理使用化肥、农药,促进土壤养分良性循环;提出深化生态示范区建设的环保对策和资金倾斜政策;加强乡镇企业环境管理,用政府宏观调控职能,控制污染负荷增加;对资源开发项目征收环境资源补偿费,对已污染的土地建立土地恢复基金制度,并提出了环保部门在农村生态环境保护中应尽的职责。     

Indonesian peat and vegetation fire emissions: Study on factors influencing large-scale smoke haze pollution using a regional atmospheric chemistry model

Numerical modelling of fire-related smoke haze episodes in Southeast Asia is important for both prediction and assessment of atmospheric impacts, especially when observational data are fragmentary, as is the case in Indonesia. This work describes the atmospheric fate of smoke particles emitted during the 1997 Indonesian fires modelled with a regional atmospheric chemistry model. We established a new fire emission inventory and calculate that 55 teragram (Tg) of particulate matter and 1098 Tg of carbon were released during this fire episode. Our emission estimate is an intermediate value compared with other studies. Utilising different scenarios, we demonstrate the variable atmospheric impacts of surface vegetation fires and peat soil fires separately and also investigate the sensitivity of smoke dispersion to the differing meteorological conditions of an El Niño and a normal year. When peat fires are included in the emission inventory, modelled ambient particle concentrations exceed the ambient air quality standard across transboundary scales. In a scenario including only surface vegetation fires, ambient air quality standards are exceeded only in areas close to the main fires. This scenario demonstrates the prominent role of fires in peat areas in causing regional air pollution episodes. In years with normal meteorological conditions, intermittent precipitation and associated wet deposition during the dry season are predicted to remove most of the particulate emissions close to the sources. Strongly reduced rainfall and generally stronger southeasterly winds during El Niño years provide favourable conditions for larger scale smoke haze pollution.     

鞍山市医疗废物处理现状及对策分析

从医疗废物的来源及其对人体的健康和环境的危害入手，结合医疗废物在收集、储存、运输、处理处置过程中的特殊要求，对鞍山市医疗废物管理现状进行了全面分析。针对医疗废物的全过程管理和危害化处理处置进行了深入探讨，提出了相应的建议和对策。     

南京东路机动车尾气污染调查和计算分析

机动车排放的尾气是城区重要的污染，是形成光化学烟雾的直接因素。通过对南京东路王开照相馆－东海商厦断面的车流量、污染物浓度和气象要素的调查和监测，分析了南京东路交通流量的特征，估算了这一路段机动车尾气污染源源强，并利用分车道的经验公式计算了选定剖面的ＮＯｘ浓度分布。结果表明：（１）南京东路的车辆构成中出租车占很大比例。一天中车流量存在明显的变化，从西到东和从东到西车道的变化趋势一致，主要集中在白天和     

Dystrophin gene analysis and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Russia

Of 126 families referred for counselling of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), DNA analysis has been suggested to 119 families with at least one affected child or with an affected close male relative of the woman at risk of being a DMD carrier. A large proportion (about 80 per cent) of the families were represented by sporadic cases (only one affected individual). By means of multiplex polymerase chain reactions with different sets of oligoprimers providing amplification of 10–11 different exons, altogether 49 dystrophin gene deletions were identified (41 per cent). Eighteen deletions clustered in the 5′ ‘hot spot’ region of DMD cDNA and 36 in the distal half of the central rod domain around exons 43–53. An unusually high frequency (18 per cent) of deletions involving exons 17–19 was discovered. Large deletions extending through both ‘hot spot’ regions and thus occupying over 30–40 exons were recorded in five cases (10 per cent). Seventy-six of 94 families were found to be informative by RFLP analysis for intragenic or extragenetic DNA probes. Carrier status was ascertained in 20 and rejected in 32 female relatives in 40 DMD families. Eight DMD-affected fetuses were diagnosed prenatally by direct deletion testing or by RFLP analysis. Feasible interpopulation variations in the dystrophin gene deletion pattern are discussed. The prospects for more effective prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in high-risk DMD families in Russia are briefly outlined.     

2001年中国海洋环境质量状况

根据 2 0 0 1年全海域海水、沉积物、生物监测结果 ,对全国海洋环境质量进行评价。结果表明 ,2 0 0 1年 ,我国大部分海域环境质量基本保持良好状态。全国劣于一类海水水质标准的海域面积比上年略有减小 ,但近岸海域污染仍然较重 ,局部海域环境质量继续呈恶化趋势 ;除个别局部海域沉积物受到较大程度污染外 ,其他海域沉积物质量状况尚好 ;近岸海域生物质量状况基本良好 ;海洋赤潮发生次数增多 ,影响面积扩大 ,危害严重。     

滇东南岩溶作用丘陵区的金表生分散特征及其区域化探异常成因

通过研究鱼尾子河金异常区金等元素在不同介质中分布、赋存状态 ,结合景观地球化学特征 ,提出滇东南岩溶作用丘陵区金异常带的形成与元素表生富集有关 ,其找矿意义相对较小     

试论清洁生产在循环经济发展中的地位和作用

清洁生产和循环经济概念都是在经济高速增长﹑资源大量消耗﹑环境污染日益严重的情况下出现的,其目的都是实现可持续发展战略,实现经济与环境协调发展.两者既有相同之处也存在着不同之处,在具体实施过程中如果对其关系没有清楚的认识,就会造成概念的混乱,实践的错位,既冲击清洁生产的实施,也不利于循环经济的健康展开.文章阐述了两者的关系以及企业清洁生产在循环经济发展中的地位和作用.     

上海雾天大气污染及雾水组分研究

首次较系统地监测调查了上海市雾天的大气污染状况，并分析了雾水的化学组分，结果表明，上海出现雾天时，不利于大气污染物的扩散，造成雾天大气污染较严重，污染物浓度高值出现的时间与雾的形成至消散基本同步，比起雾前高２－１０倍。     

无机和有机复合高分子絮凝剂的现状和发展方向

概括地叙述了国内外无机和有机高分子复合絮凝剂的现状,简单地介绍了文献所报道的多种新型无机和有机高分子絮凝剂合成方法、原料及其在水处理中的应用。在此基础上,文章最后指出了高分子复合絮凝剂的发展方向。