基于钻杆推力法结合钻杆位移预测围岩应力的研究

为准确预测矿井冲击地压的发生规律,基于钻杆推力法结合钻杆位移理论,建立钻杆力学模型,利用新型钻削设备,结合钻削采集测试试验。根据试验数据绘出在不同围压轴压下推力、位移随时间的变化曲线,对应力变化进行预测。根据建立动力学模型及公式推导进而得出预测冲击地压的规律,通过测试钻杆推力估算煤体应力的大小,进而预测冲击地压的危险性。研究结果为煤矿动力灾害预测预报提供一定的理论与实验基础。     

置换通风下不同风速对负离子净化PM_(2.5)的研究

利用人工环境舱进行实验,从衰减常数、去除率等方面分析了在置换通风下不同送风速度对负离子净化PM_(2.5)的影响。结果表明:负离子对PM_(2.5)具有净化作用;随着送风速度的增加,负离子对PM_(2.5)的净化作用先降低后增大。在保证工作区不会产生吹风感的情况下,所选的8个工况中,置换通风送风速度为0.3m/s左右时,负离子对PM_(2.5)的净化效果最佳,净去除率达到20.4%。     

水对节理裂隙岩质边坡的影响初议

水是影响节理裂隙岩质边坡稳定性的重要因素之一。本文概述了在这方面的研究历史、研究成果;浅析了水对节理裂隙岩质边坡稳定性的影响机理;提出了目前需要解决的问题。     

多污染源置换通风通风效果与舒适性研究

比较了多污染源置换通风与传统混合通风的特点 ,从通风效率、换气效率和舒适性指标等方面阐述了多污染源置换通风的优点 ,指出多污染源置换通风系统在控制污染物、改善空气品质方面可以推广应用     

Divergence in female calling song discrimination between sympatric and allopatric populations of the southern wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

Two species of closely related wood cricket, Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and Gryllus vernalis, occur together in some parts of the eastern United States and have a similar calling song structure, consisting of three-pulse chirps. A previous study revealed that chirp rate in G. fultoni was highest (greatest difference vis-à-vis chirp rate in G. vernalis) in sympatric populations, intermediate in near allopatric populations that were located close to the sympatric zone, and lowest in allopatric populations. A similar trend was observed in pulse rate, but the mean values of this trait showed much more convergence than chirp rate at the low end of the range of calling temperatures. In this study, we investigated the song discrimination of females from sympatric and allopatric populations of G. fultoni at about 23°C, which is near the middle of the normal range of calling temperatures. We used both single-stimulus and two-stimulus playback experiments to learn if geographical differences in song preferences paralleled those in calling songs. Stimuli presented were representative of calling songs in three classes of G. fultoni populations (sympatric, near allopatric, and far allopatric), a calling song of G. vernalis, and three calling songs with parameter values that were intermediate with respect to those of the songs of far allopatric G. fultoni and G. vernalis. In the single-stimulus playbacks, females of all G. fultoni populations responded poorly if at all to the heterospecific stimulus. Females of sympatric and near allopatric populations responded poorly to all intermediate stimuli, but females of far allopatric populations frequently responded to these sounds. In the two-stimulus playbacks, females of sympatric and near allopatric populations generally discriminated against intermediate and heterospecific stimuli. However, females of far allopatric populations often did not discriminate against intermediate stimuli, whose characteristics resembled the calling songs of G. vernalis. The divergent pattern of female phonotactic discrimination between sympatric and far allopatric populations was thus generally congruent with the pattern of divergence in chirp and pulse rates and would be expected to significantly reduce heterospecific mating in sympatry. These geographical patterns of female song discrimination and male calling songs conform to a commonly used definition of reproductive character displacement.     

Physics of failure analysis of power section assembly for positive displacement motor

Power section assembly is the core part of positive displacement motor (PDM), and its mechanical behavior and service life determine the drilling efficiency and cycle. In this paper, fault tree of power section assembly was established, failure reasons were analyzed and improvement measures were put forward. Finite element models of conventional lining and uniform wall thickness lining of 5/6 PDM were established, and the mechanical behaviors were investigated. Working parameters such as drilling fluid pressure, rubber hardness, downhole temperature and pressure difference were discussed. The results show that wear and rust are the main failure modes of the rotor. Failure modes of rubber lining are wear, tear, rupture, peeling off, thermal failure and fatigue failure. Under the action of drilling fluid pressure, the maximum effective stress of rubber lining appears in the bottom of arc, and the minimum stress appears at the top of arc. But deformation distribution is opposite to the effective stress. Deformation of uniform wall thickness lining is more uniform. Effective stress of the lining increases with the increasing of drilling fluid pressure and rubber hardness, but it decreases with the downhole temperature increases. Deformation of the lining increases with the drilling fluid pressure increases, but it decreases with the increasing of rubber hardness and downhole temperature. Effective stress and deformation distribution of rubber lining are more uneven with the pressure difference increases. High stress area lies between the two smallest chambers.     

送风温度对三个污染源置换通风效果影响研究

对送风温度变化对含三个污染热源置换通风效果的影响进行了实验研究,分析讨论了一定热源强度情况下模拟实验房间温度场和气流组织特性,阐述了送风温度对热舒适性、热力分层高度的影响,并确定出最佳送风温度,研究结果对工程实践具有指导意义。     

深水井喷顶部压井成功最小泵排量计算方法

墨西哥湾MC252井发生井喷后,BP公司采用顶部压井法进行压井,但最终失败,目前未见相关文献对失败原因进行分析。顶部压井法是一种非常规压井方法,缺乏现场实践经验及理论指导。压井成功的关键就是从井口泵入的重钻井液无法被井筒中的油气两相携带出井筒,从而使得重钻井液在井筒中聚集,逐渐建立平衡,从而压井成功。基于气液两相流理论,通过研究最小携带钻井液滴的理论,建立了压井成功时的最小泵排量计算模型,计算了不同的参数情况下的泵排量,为成功压井提供了理论依据,并利用模型计算分析了BP顶部压井法失败的原因。     

Whole genome amplification from a single cell: a new era for preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique used for determining the genetic status of a single cell biopsied from embryos or oocytes. Genetic analysis from a single cell is both rewarding and challenging, especially in PGD. The starting material is very limited and not replaceable, and the diagnosis has to be made in a very short time. Different whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques have been developed to specifically increase the DNA quantities originating from clinical samples with limited DNA contents. In this review, currently available WGA techniques are introduced and, among them, multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is discussed in detail. MDA generates abundant assay-ready DNA to perform broad panels of genetic assays through its ability to rapidly amplify genomes from single cells. The utilization of MDA for single-cell molecular analysis is expanding at a high rate, and MDA is expected to soon become an integral part of PGD. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.