Enzymatic and cellular level effects of chromium∗

Exposure of Cr to four hepatic enzymes activities of tilapia, viz. acid‐ and alkaline phosphatases, catalase and glucose‐6‐phosphatase, was contrary to the results obtained for Cd and Ni. This is the only heavy metal investigated thus far that dramatically augmented glucose‐6‐phosphatase by approximately 83% at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 in vivo in lieu of the fact of an initial inhibition of approximately 45 % at a lower concentration of Cr; 6 mg L^‐1. In the case of acid phosphatase and catalase activities progressive increment was observed up to 50 and 217% respectively at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 Cr. On the other hand, in contrast to all the investigated enzymes interestingly alkaline phosphatase was inhibited continuously at all concentrations up to 46% at 12 mgL^‐1 Cr. In vitro experiments were contrary to the above mentioned results, whereby all hepatic enzymes were inhibited with major inhibition observed for acid phosphatase of approximately 60% from 5 mgL^‐1 Cr onwards in the system.

At cellular level, Cr exposure at a lethal dose of 12 mgL^‐1 demonstrated similar effects to that of Cd. In general, the glycogen and fat reserves were depleted while lysosomal activity is increased. As compared to the effects of Cd, the mitochondria did not indicate any prominent reflection in the formation of intramitochondrial bodies. Further, similar to Cd, the cell membrane as well as nucleus were not affected.     

Zn2+及Fe3+对嗜淀粉乳杆菌开放式发酵产乳酸的影响

研究了在餐厨垃圾中接种嗜淀粉乳杆菌进行开放式乳酸发酵(即发酵原料不灭菌)的可行性,探讨了添加Fe3+、Zn2+的发酵体系中相关酶活与代谢产物的关系.结果表明,开放式发酵体系的乳酸产量高于非开放式发酵体系.加Fe3+体系的乳酸脱氢酶活性较高,导致乳酸产量增加(最高达29.5g/L),比未添加微量元素的对照体系增加了24.2%;而加Zn2+体系的乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性较高,导致副产物乙醇产量的增加,从而使乳酸产量低于对照体系;添加不同微量元素时嗜淀粉乳杆菌对底物中淀粉的利用率由高到低的顺序为:加Fe3+体系(65.7%) > 对照体系 (38.5%)>Zn2+体系(28.1%).此外,在嗜淀粉乳酸菌的发酵体系中,蔗糖和麦芽糖比乳糖容易降解成葡萄糖,果糖,最终被乳酸菌利用.     

Na2Ti6O13纳米带的制备及其光降解活性艳橙染料废水的研究

用微乳法和熔盐法结合制备出了Na2Ti6O13纳米带,并用XRD,SEM对其进行表征;研究了Na2Ti6O13在紫外光下对偶氮染料活性艳橙(X-GN)的降解,并探讨了pH值、催化剂投加量和外加H2O2氧化剂对光催化效率的影响。实验表明,Na2Ti6O13具有很好的光催化性能,30W紫外灯下光催化60min对25mg/LX-GN的降解率最高可达94.1%;反应液pH值过高或过低会影响催化剂活性,最佳pH值为5.7;一定范围内,光催化效率随催化剂投加量的增加而提高,但投加量大于1.0 g/L时,催化效率反而下降;适当投加H2O2能显著提高降解效果。     

煤矿政策对安全生产影响分析及实证研究

为分析煤矿政策对安全生产中的影响,回顾1978年以来煤矿政策和安全生产状况。统计了1978—2010年我国主要的煤矿政策,分阶段分析其与煤炭产量、煤矿事故指标之间的发展变化关系,运用EViews6建立煤矿事故死亡人数与煤炭产量之间的回归模型,并进行检验修正,比较验证煤矿政策的作用效果。结果表明:1978—1991年和1992—2002年,煤炭产量对死亡人数的影响系数为397.482,事故随产量的增长而加剧,但后一时期由于政策监管等因素影响,在同等产量条件下,煤矿事故相对减少;2003—2010年,影响系数为-283.770,煤矿安全状况随煤炭产量的增长而明显好转。     

不同条件下6-APA粉体爆炸最小点火能测试研究

6氨基青霉烷酸（6-APA）是生产阿莫西林的重要中间体,在生产过程的离心机分离及干燥等环节存在粉体燃烧爆炸的危险。利用Hartmann管式粉尘最小点火能测试装置,研究6-APA干粉状态及丙酮存在环境粉体最小点火能变化规律。实验结果表明,6-APA粉体在分散质量为0.6g时,最小点火能为14mJ,参照VDI2263的规定,属于一般着火敏感性粉尘。向粉体中加入丙酮溶剂模拟实际生产环境,实验结果显示粉尘云最小点火能下降明显,且混合物着火能力增强。质量为1g的6-APA粉体与0.5mL丙酮溶剂配比条件下,混合物分散质量为0.6g时,最小点火能为6mJ,在此环境中混合粉体属于特别着火敏感性粉尘。实验结果阐明了6-APA在丙酮存在环境条件下混合粉体燃烧的爆炸危险性,为采取相应的爆炸防护措施提供了实验依据。     

奥运前后北京及其周边大气六氟化硫浓度的变化

2008年6~9月,对北京、兴隆、廊坊、沧州、石家庄、涿州、保定和禹城等8个站点进行每日2次的空气样品采集,利用气相色谱法对样品中的SF6浓度进行分析,以期对华北地区大气SF6的浓度范围、空间分布及其变化规律进行初步探索.结果表明,北京及其周边大气SF6浓度分布存在空间差异,8个站点在采样期间的平均浓度分别为:(10.7±5.1)′10-12、(6.7±0.6)′10-12、(7.2±1.6)′10-12、(8.0±1.7)′10-12、(9.6±5.5)′10-12、(7.6±2.1)′10-12、(8.3±3.5)′10-12和(8.5±2.0)′10-12(V/V),区域平均浓度为8.3′10-12(V/V).华北地区SF6的浓度大小和变化幅度主要受人为排放源的影响,呈现出脉冲式排放.兴隆站可作为华北区域的本底站点,观测期间其SF6的浓度呈线性增加,增长速度远大于全球本底增长速度.奥运前后的各种减排措施对北京SF6的排放有一定影响.     

不同pH条件下Cr6+对3种藻的毒性效应(The Toxicological Effects of Cr6+ on Chlorella Vulgaris, Scenedesmus Obliquus and Microcystis Aeruginosa at Different pH Values)

目前我国水质量生态基准的研究较为零星、分散.研究了不同pH条件下Cr6+对3种藻的毒性效应,以期为我国水生态基准的科学制定以及基准的相关研究工作提供参考.选取小球藻、斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻3种典型的藻种,在pH为7.0,8.0和9.0三个条件下,依据OECD-201藻类生长抑制实验指南,以72h藻生物量为测试终点,计算3种藻的比生长率,以及Cr6+对3种藻产生毒性效应的NOEC、LOEC、EC10和EC20值.结果表明,在本实验条件下,在不同pH条件下藻种生长不同,小球藻的最适pH值为7.0,斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻的最适pH值为9.0;在不同pH条件下,Cr6+对小球藻、斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻的毒性作用不同,Cr6+对小球藻在pH=7.0时毒性最小,对斜生栅藻和铜绿微囊藻在pH=9.0时的毒性最小.在藻最适生长的pH条件下,Cr6+的毒性可以达到最小程度;铜绿微囊藻对Cr6+比斜生栅藻和小球藻更加敏感.     

Prenatal diagnosis of morquio disease type a using a simple fluorometric enzyme assay

A new fluorogenic substrate, 4 methylumbelliferylβ-D-6-sulphogalactoside, was used for the assay of galactose-6-sulphate sulphatase activity in chorionic villi, cultured villus cells, and amniocytes. The fluorometric assay is much more convenient than the conventional assay using radiolabelled, sulphated oligosaccharides. Both types of substrate were used in the prenatal diagnosis of three pregnancies at risk for Morquio type A disease using amniocytes. These enzyme tests, as well as electrophoresis of glycosaminoglycans in the amniotic fluid, indicated affected fetuses in two pregnancies and a non-affected fetus in one.