炼油废水深度净化与回用的试验研究

某炼油厂的生产废水经处理后虽然已达标排放,但由于水资源的严重缺乏,要求必须进行废水的深度处理以便回用.为此,该文提出了采用厌氧陶粒滤池、陶粒填料生物接触氧化池与陶粒滤料过滤池相串联的废水深度处理工艺并进行试验研究.结果表明,该工艺处理效率高、运行稳定,二级气浮出水中的COD、油类、悬浮物与酚类的去除率高达90%～100%,水质清澈透明、无色无味,满足该厂对回用水的水质要求.     

A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO ASSESS FACTORS AFFECTING WATER CHEMISTRY USING MONITORING DATA1

ABSTRACT: A method to partition the variation in concentrations of water chemistry parameters in a river is described. The approach consists of fitting a family of curves for each chemical parameter. Each curve indicates the response of the parameter to river flow for a particular time period or location. An analysis of covariance is then used to identify statistically significant differences between curves. Such differences result largely from two factors: (1) the discharge of effluents and (2) river flow-concentration relationships. The deviations from the fitted curves indicate month-to-month variations unrelated to river flow that are controlled by factors such as temperature-related seasonal patterns. Underlying statistical assumptions are discussed with respect to water chemistry data. The technique is applied to a data set consisting of monthly samples of 22 water chemistry parameters from the Sulphur River of Texas and Arkansas. Several patterns of response to river flow and to two effluent discharges were revealed.     

Assessment of phenol-degrading ability of Acinetobacter sp. B9 for its application in bioremediation of phenol-contaminated industrial effluents

Successful bioremediation of a phenol-contaminated environment requires application of those microbial strains that have acquired phenol tolerance and phenol-degrading abilities. A newly isolated strain B9 of Acinetobacter sp. was adapted to a high phenol concentration by growing sequentially from low- to high-strength phenol. The acclimatised strain was able to grow and completely degrade up to 14?mM of phenol in 136?h. The degradation rates were found to increase with an increase in the phenol concentration from 2.0 to 7.5?mM. The strain preferred neutral to alkaline pH range for growth and phenol degradation, with the optimum being pH 8.0. The optimum temperature for phenol degradation was found to be in the range of 30–35°C. Transmission electron micrographs showed a disorganised and convoluted cell membrane in the case of phenol-stressed cells, showing a major effect of phenol on the membrane. Enzymatic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies show the presence of an ortho-cleavage pathway for phenol degradation. Efficient phenol degradation was observed even in the presence of pyridine and heavy metals as co-toxicants showing the potential of strain in bioremediation of industrial wastes. Application of strain B9 to real tannery wastewater showed 100% removal of initial 0.5?mM phenol within 48?h of treatment.     

Removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution using PEG based aqueous biphasic system

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salt have been examined for the removal of textile dyes from textile effluent. The partitioning of four dyes namely Cibacron Scarlet LS 2G, Rhodamine B, Brown ERN and Astacryl Red 3B was investigated. All the dyes studied were found to partition into the upper PEG rich layer. Sodium carbonate was found to be the most efficient salt for extraction of dyes. Sodium sulphate was found to be marginally less efficient. Sodium chloride did not cause partitioning at all. Partitioning occurred at all pH and was almost pH independent. The partitioning of these dyes in larger volume (100?mL) ABS was also demonstrated. Studies using dye bath effluent were also conducted. In all cases very high efficiencies consistently above 98% were obtained.     

光照对焦化废水植物毒性的影响

利用植物毒性试验的方法,研究了不同光照条件下,焦化废水对黍和黄瓜种子发芽率,根长,根重,芽重的影响。结果表明,在光条件下用焦化废水对植物进行培养,其毒性较在黑暗培养明显增强,将焦化废水在同样的光照条件下进行预处理后,其荧光光谱发生变化。     

DEEP WELL DISPOSAL OF SECONDARY EFFLUENT IN DADE COUNTY,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Data were obtained from drilling and testing of a test injection well for deep underground injection of waste water effluent from the proposed 50-million-gallon-per-day (mgd) South District Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Authority, Dade County, Florida. The drilling operation progressed in stages, each stage coverting the strata to be sealed off by the 48-inch, 40-inch, 30-inch, and 20-inch casings, respectively. Total depth of the well is 3,200 feet. The top of the saline, cavernous, dolomitic Boulder Zone was found at 2,790 feet below the surface and is separated from the Floridan aquifer above by approximately 1,100 feet of confining limestone layers. These confining layers were determined, by packer testing, to be very effective. The transmissivity of the Boulder Zone was estimated to be 14 × 10⁶ gallons per day per foot (gpd/ft) from the data obtained from pump out tests. An 8,000-gallon-per-minute (gpm) injection test was conducted to confirm well performance under operating conditions. Based on all of the data obtained, it was concluded that underground injection into the Boulder Zone of secondary waste water effluent from the proposed treatment plant is feasible, both hydraulically and environmentally. A monitoring system was proposed to provide a record of the effects of injection on the subsurface environment.     

餐厨垃圾发酵液强化潮汐流人工湿地对污水厂尾水脱氮效能

采用餐厨垃圾发酵液(food waste fermentation liquid, FWFL)作为潮汐流人工湿地(tidal flow constructed wetland, TFCW)外加碳源,考察其对污水处理厂尾水湿地脱氮效果的影响,并通过湿地氮转化速率、酶活性测定及微生物群落结构分析探究其机理。结果表明：投加FWFL后人工湿地中TN、NO₃^--N、TP的去除率分别提高了15.7%~36.2%、3.3%~42.3%、11.2%~45.8%,且FWFL的添加不会对出水NH₄⁺-N和COD产生显著影响;FWFL可改善TFCW低温时的脱氮效果;投加FWFL后TFCW的反硝化速率、反硝化酶活性以及电子传递系统活性均有所提高,TFCW微生物的丰富度和多样性明显提高,微生物群落结构也趋于稳定,反硝化菌群大量增加。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)与念珠菌门(Candidatus Saccharribacteria)为优势菌门,水杆菌属(Aquabacterium)与产丁酸盐细菌属(Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis)为优势菌属。     

管式O3/UV-BAF处理印染生化尾水的中试实验

以印染污水生化处理出水为研究对象,组建了集管式臭氧/紫外(O3/UV)反应系统、臭氧发生系统、气液分离系统、臭氧破坏系统和生物曝气滤池(BAF)系统为一体的中试集成设备。分别研究了各单元及O3/UV-BAF一体化设备的运行效果。结果表明,COD范围为62.3~102.1 mg·L-1,平均值为83.2 mg·L-1时的进水经过O3/UV处理后,BOD5浓度可增加3倍以上,该处理单元可提高污水的生化性能;而单独BAF处理,COD去除率仅为22.5％,表明该污水生化性能较差(BOD5/COD=0.117)且出水COD浓度也不能达到排放标准;O3/UV-BAF联合工艺对印染废水则呈现良好的处理,出水COD去除率达到46.93%,UV254去除率为39.73%。此外,该联合工艺对色度、TN和TP也具有较好的去除效果,去除率分别为54%、34.52%和53.81%,均可达到排放标准。通过对O3/UV-BAF一体化中试设备的评估,为管式O3/UV高级氧化大规模工程应用提供技术支撑。     

微生物絮凝剂与聚合氯化铝复配处理污水厂二级出水

探讨了微生物絮凝剂处理二级出水过程中投加量和pH值对溶解性有机碳和浊度处理效果的影响,及将微生物絮凝剂与聚合氯化铝按不同比例复配后的去除效果及pH值对最佳投药量下去除效果的影响。并使用三维荧光光谱（3DEEM）分析了不同种类的絮凝剂在去除水中溶解性有机物（DOM）时的差别。实验结果表明：微生物絮凝剂的最佳投药量为20 mg·L-1,最适pH值为7.5,此时TOC去除率为17%,浊度去除率为45%。最佳复配投药量为微生物絮凝剂10 mg·L-1聚合氯化铝20 mg·L-1,最适pH值为7,此时TOC去除率为33%,浊度去除率为51%。复配使用对腐殖质有很好的去除效果。     

磺胺二甲嘧啶在纯水和污水厂二级出水中的光解差异及机制

以磺胺二甲嘧啶（SM2）为目标污染物,研究了高压汞灯和紫外灯两种光源和初始浓度对SM2光解的影响以及SM2在二级出水中光解的主要影响因素,并通过自由基猝灭实验确定SM2光解过程中的主要活性物质。结果表明：SM2在紫外灯下的光解速率是高压汞灯的2.6倍;SM2光解速率随其初始浓度的增加而减慢。SM2在二级出水中的光解速率是纯水中的2.5倍,溶解性有机质（DOM）能显著促进SM2的光解。SM2在纯水中光解主要是激发三重态SM2（3SM2*）参与的直接光解过程,其自敏化光解不利于SM2的光解;含有DOM的溶液中,激发三重态DOM（3DOM*）参与的敏化光解是促进SM2光解的主要原因。