改性柚子皮吸附剂对模拟废水中Pb^2＋的吸附性能

以废柚子皮为原料,经ZnCl2浸泡一加热的化学改性手段制备改性柚子皮生物吸附剂,并通过模拟试验研究该吸附剂对废水中Pb^2＋的去除。考察了模拟废水的pH、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和Pb^2＋初始浓度、温度等因素对柚子皮吸附剂去除Pb^2＋的影响,并研究柚子皮吸附剂对Pb^2＋的吸附动力学及吸附特征。结果表明,模拟废水的pH、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和Pb^2＋初始浓度、温度等因素对柚子皮吸附剂吸附废水中Pb^2＋均有显著影响。适宜的吸附条件为pH5．3-6．5,吸附时间1．5h,吸附剂用量10g·L^-1,Pb^2＋初始质量浓度100mg·L^-1,温度30℃。在该条件下,废水中Pb^2＋去除率在90％以上。柚子皮吸附剂对废水中Pb^2＋的吸附符合动力学二级反应方程,等温吸附规律可用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin模型进行较好的描述。     

两性-阳离子复配修饰塿土对苯酚的吸附

研究了采用两性表面修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)和阳离子表面修饰剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)复配修饰塿土后对苯酚的吸附反应和热力学特征,并探讨其吸附机理.结果表明,复配修饰后的土样对苯酚的吸附能力明显增强.20℃时表现为CK(原土)<50BS(50%BS-12)<100BS(100%BS-12)<50BS+25CT(50%BS-12+ 25%CTMAB)<100BS+25CT (100%BS-12+25%CTMAB)<50BS+ 50CT(50%BS-12+50% CTMAB)<100BS+50CT(100%BS-12+50%CTMAB), 40℃时表现为CK(原土)<50BS(50%BS-12)<100BS (100%BS- 12)<50BS+25CT(50%BS-12+25%CTMAB)<50BS+50CT(50%BS-12+50%CTMAB)<100BS+25CT(100%BS-12+25%CTMAB)<100BS+50CT (100%BS-12+50%CTMAB).其吸附等温线可用Henry模型描述.供试土样对苯酚的吸附呈现放热焓减反应特征,属于焓减控制的自发性过程.     

镉胁迫下蚯蚓金属硫蛋白氧化修饰的研究(Oxidative Modification of Metallothionein in Earthworm under Cd Stress)

金属硫蛋白(MT)是生物体内的一类富含巯基(—SH)的蛋白,在细胞氧化还原调控和重金属解毒等方面具有重要作用.MT的—SH可以络合重金属,同时对氧化作用很敏感,重金属胁迫产生的活性氧物质(ROS)可以将其氧化成二硫键(S—S).为揭示镉(Cd)对蚯蚓MT的—SH含量及其氧化修饰的影响,将蚯蚓放入Cd浓度为0、100、300mg·kg-1的黄棕壤中胁迫21天,通过SBD-F标记和高效液相色谱(HPLC)结合的方法测定MT中—SH和S—S的含量.结果显示,随着Cd浓度的增加,蚯蚓体内的—SH和S—S含量均逐渐增加,但S—S所占比例降低.这说明Cd诱导了蚯蚓体内MT合成,并且诱导量随着Cd胁迫的增强而增加,但—SH的氧化修饰程度有所下降.     

改性阴极生物电芬顿系统降解罗丹明B

分别采用十八烷基三甲基氯化铵（OATC）和磷酸改性电极并负载铁涂覆在碳布表面,制得Fe/OC-OATC电极和Fe/PC电极用于构建生物电芬顿系统,提高电芬顿技术中H₂O₂的原位生产能力,达到高效降解印染废水的目的.通过极化曲线、功率密度曲线以及循环伏安曲线对2种复合电极的电化学性质进行分析,结果表明,Fe/OC-OATC的电流密度、最大功率密度以及氧还原能力等均优于Fe/PC,最大功率密度为4.89W/m³,相应的电流密度可达22.9A/m³.然后探究了2种复合电极构建的生物电芬顿系统对罗丹明B的降解效果,结果显示,Fe/OC-OATC体系﹥ Fe/PC体系,Fe/OC-OATC体系对罗丹明B的去除率最高达96.4%.最后根据动力学分析和反应机理的研究,分析了2种系统对罗丹明B的降解机理.     

二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb2+的吸附性能及其影响因素研究

改性后的沸石材料,可大幅度提高其对金属离子的吸附量,在治理环境污染方面具有巨大的潜力。高锰酸钾和硫酸锰反应生成的二氧化锰包裹在沸石表面,可大大提高其吸附性能,最终达到吸附废水中重金属的目的。研究了二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb²⁺吸附性能的影响因素,如沸石与二氧化锰投料比、反应时间、溶液pH值、反应温度、Pb²⁺初始浓度等,并探讨了其吸附机理。试验结果表明:二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb²⁺的吸附效果随着沸石与二氧化锰投料比的增加而提高,平衡吸附时间为12 h,吸附反应的最佳溶液pH值为5~6;二氧化锰改性沸石对废水中Pb²⁺的吸附为自发的吸热反应,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明为单配体吸附模式;红外光谱分析发现,-OH是影响二氧化锰改性沸石吸附废水中Pb²⁺的主要官能团;低浓度腐殖酸对二氧化锰改性沸石吸附废水中Pb²⁺的影响较小,不产生竞争吸附。     

Semi-closed synthesis of nitrogen and oxygen Co-doped mesoporous carbon for selective aqueous oxidation

Heteroatom-doped meso/micro-porous carbon materials are conventionally produced by harsh carbonization under an inert atmosphere involving specific precursors, hard/soft templates, and heteroatom-containing agents. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of N and O co-doped meso/micro-porous carbon (NOMC) by template-free carbonization of a small-molecule precursor in a semi-closed system. The semi-closed carbonizaiton process yields hydrophilic NOMCs with large surface area in a high yield. The porous structure as well as the elemental composition of NOMCs can be modulated by changing the holding time at a particular temperature. NOMCs as metal-free heterogeneous catalysts can selectively oxidize benzyl alcohol and its derivatives into aldehydes/ketones with>85％conversion in aqueous solution, which is much higher than that of the control sample obtained in tube furnace (21％conversion), mainly due to their high N content, high percentage of pyridinic N, and large surface area. The presence of O-containing moieties also helps to improve the hydrophilicity and dispersion ability of catalysts and thus facilitates the mass transfer process during aqueous oxidation. The NOMC catalysts also dispayed excellent activity for a wide range of substrates with a selectivity of>99％.     

季铵盐离子液体改性活性炭及其热安全性研究*

为进一步提高活性炭对VOCs的吸附性能和热安全性,采用铵盐类离子液体改性原始活性炭,优化其理化性质。结果表明:改性活性炭表面生成新的无机盐化合物,C=O、-OH、C-O、-COOH和C-S基团增加;孔隙结构增多且分布均匀,比表面积及微孔体积增大;改性后活性炭对甲苯的吸附量提高3.14倍,吸附效率明显提升;在固定碳的燃烧阶段,改性活性炭活化能为54.44 kJ·mol-1,是改性前活性炭的1.38倍,活化能增大,物质稳定性增强;当粒径为120~150目及200目以上时,改性前后活性炭的自燃温度分别从328.4 ℃、319.3 ℃增长至355.1 ℃、345.7 ℃。因此,负载季铵盐离子液体可有效提高活性炭吸附性能和热安全性,研究结果可为优化VOCs处理工艺提供参考。     

等离子体改性对活性炭纤维表面化学结构的影响

采用放电等离子体对活性炭纤维表面进行改性,通过改变活性炭纤维的化学官能团来强化活性炭纤维对SO2和NOx的吸附和催化作用。利用XPS、FTIR等方法对改性活性炭纤维的化学性质进行表征,研究了活性炭纤维表面官能团在等离子体改性过程中的转化规律和机理。实验结果表明:放电改性过程可以有效地向活性炭纤维表面引入有利于脱硫脱氮的含氧、含氮官能团;当电压为8kV,放电时间为5min时,放电改性活性炭纤维的效果最佳。     

Effect of Pretreatment with UV Radiation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Photocured Jute Yarn with 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate (HDDA)

Jute yarns were grafted with a single impregnating monomer 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) in order to improve the physicomechanical properties. Jute yarns soaked for different soaking times (3, 5, 10, and 30 minutes) in HDDA+MeOH solutions at different proportions (1–10% HDDA in MeOH [v/v] along with photoinitiator Darocur-1664 [3%]) were cured under UV lamp at different UV radiation intensities (two, four, six, and eight passes). Concentration of monomer, soaking time, and intensity of UV radiation were optimized with extent of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus. Enhanced tensile strength (67%), modulus (108%), and polymer loading (11%) were achieved with 5% HDDA concentration, 5-minute soaking time, fourth pass of UV radiation. To further improve the mechanical properties, the jute yarns were pretreated with UV radiation (5, 10, 15, 30, and 50 passes) and treated with optimized monomer concentration (5%). UV-pretreated samples showed the enhanced properties. The tensile strength and modulus increase up to 84% and 132%, respectively, than that of virgin jute yarn. An experiment involving water absorption capacity shows that water uptake by treated samples was much lower than that of the untreated samples. During the weathering test, treated yarns exhibited less loss of mechanical properties than untreated yarns.     

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Plastics Molded from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Modified Soy Protein Isolates

Soybean protein is a potential material for manufacturing of biodegradable plastics. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of plastics made from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy proteins. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from defatted soy flour, modified with various concentrations of SDS, and then molded into plastics. The temperatures of denaturation of the modified soy protein increased at low SDS concentration and then decreased at high SDS concentration. At the same SDS concentration, the plastics molded from the modified soy proteins showed a similar temperature of denaturation, but a lower enthalpy of denaturation compared to the modified soy protein. Young's modulus of the plastics decreased as SDS concentration increased, and the tensile strength and strain at break of the plastics reached a maximum value at 1% SDS modification. Two glass transition temperatures were identified corresponding to the 7S and 11S globulins in SPI by dynamic mechanical analysis, and they decreased as SDS concentration increased. The SDS modification increased the water absorption of the plastics.