全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 1872篇 |
| 免费 | 334篇 |
| 国内免费 | 68篇 |
专业分类
| 安全科学 | 344篇 |
| 废物处理 | 8篇 |
| 环保管理 | 253篇 |
| 综合类 | 614篇 |
| 基础理论 | 499篇 |
| 污染及防治 | 127篇 |
| 评价与监测 | 31篇 |
| 社会与环境 | 67篇 |
| 灾害及防治 | 331篇 |
出版年
| 2025年 | 13篇 |
| 2024年 | 62篇 |
| 2023年 | 59篇 |
| 2022年 | 78篇 |
| 2021年 | 79篇 |
| 2020年 | 74篇 |
| 2019年 | 111篇 |
| 2018年 | 103篇 |
| 2017年 | 105篇 |
| 2016年 | 112篇 |
| 2015年 | 99篇 |
| 2014年 | 73篇 |
| 2013年 | 186篇 |
| 2012年 | 129篇 |
| 2011年 | 123篇 |
| 2010年 | 83篇 |
| 2009年 | 90篇 |
| 2008年 | 56篇 |
| 2007年 | 92篇 |
| 2006年 | 70篇 |
| 2005年 | 78篇 |
| 2004年 | 54篇 |
| 2003年 | 56篇 |
| 2002年 | 50篇 |
| 2001年 | 36篇 |
| 2000年 | 42篇 |
| 1999年 | 13篇 |
| 1998年 | 19篇 |
| 1997年 | 20篇 |
| 1996年 | 6篇 |
| 1995年 | 20篇 |
| 1994年 | 13篇 |
| 1993年 | 10篇 |
| 1992年 | 4篇 |
| 1991年 | 10篇 |
| 1990年 | 7篇 |
| 1989年 | 7篇 |
| 1988年 | 4篇 |
| 1986年 | 3篇 |
| 1985年 | 4篇 |
| 1984年 | 2篇 |
| 1983年 | 2篇 |
| 1981年 | 4篇 |
| 1980年 | 3篇 |
| 1979年 | 2篇 |
| 1976年 | 1篇 |
| 1975年 | 1篇 |
| 1974年 | 2篇 |
| 1972年 | 1篇 |
| 1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式： 共有2274条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
131.
Pollution by various heavy metals as environmental stress factors might affect bacteria. It was established that iron (Fe(III)), manganese (Mn(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) ion combinations caused effects on Enterococcus hirae that differed from the sum of the effects when the metals were added separately. It was shown that the Cu2 +–Fe3 + combination decreased the growth and ATPase activity of membrane vesicles of wild-type E. hirae ATCC9790 and atpD mutant (with defective FoF1-ATPase) MS116. Addition of Mn2 +–Fe3 + combinations within the same concentration range had no effects on growth compared to control (without heavy metals). ATPase activity was increased in the presence of Mn2 +–Fe3 +, while together with 0.2 mmol/L N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), ATPase activity was decreased compared to control (when only 0.2 mmol/L DCCD was present). These results indicate that heavy metals ion combinations probably affect the FOF1-ATPase, leading to conformational changes. Moreover the action may be direct or be mediated by environment redox potential. The effects observed when Fe3 + was added separately disappeared in both cases, which might be a result of competing processes between Fe3 + and other heavy metals. These findings are novel and improve the understanding of heavy metals ions effects on bacteria, and could be applied for regulation of stress response patterns in the environment. 相似文献
132.
本文首先通过理论分析，认为桩土应力比、桩土荷载分担比等是反映水泥土桩复合地基工作性状的重要参数。然后通过现场试验，研究桩土应力比、桩土荷载分担比随荷载变化的规律。结果认为：随着荷载增加，桩土应力比逐渐减小，当比值达到某一特征值后，不再发生明显变化；桩土应力比、桩土荷载分担比不为常数，其变化是桩土变形协调的结果。最后得出有一定参考价值的结论。 相似文献
133.
Quaiser Saqui Mohammad Faisal Abdulrahman A. Alatar Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy Mukhtar Ahme Sabiha M. Ansari Hend A. Alwathnani Mohammad K. Okl Sourabh Dwivedi Javed Musarrat Shelly Praveen Shams T. Khan Rizwan Waha Maqsood A. Siddiqui Javed Ahmad 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(9):49-62
We have studied the genotoxic and apoptotic potential of ferric oxide nanoparticles(Fe_2O_3-NPs) in Raphanus sativus(radish).Fe_2O_3-NPs retarded the root length and seed germination in radish.Ultrathin sections of treated roots showed subcellular localization of Fe_2O_3-NPs,along with the appearance of damaged mitochondria and excessive vacuolization.Flow cytometric analysis of Fe_2O_3-NPs(1.0 mg/m L) treated groups exhibited 219.5%,161%,120.4% and 161.4% increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm),nitric oxide(NO) and Ca2+influx in radish protoplasts.A concentration dependent increase in the antioxidative enzymes glutathione(GSH),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and lipid peroxidation(LPO) has been recorded.Comet assay showed a concentration dependent increase in deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) strand breaks in Fe_2O_3-NPs treated groups.Cell cycle analysis revealed 88.4% of cells in sub-G1 apoptotic phase,suggesting cell death in Fe_2O_3-NPs(2.0 mg/m L) treated group.Taking together,the genotoxicity induced by Fe_2O_3-NPs highlights the importance of environmental risk associated with improper disposal of nanoparticles(NPs) and radish can serve as a good indicator for measuring the phytotoxicity of NPs grown in NP-polluted environment. 相似文献
134.
干旱作为一种时常发生的自然灾害,影响范围广,对农业和粮食安全、人类生活等有深远影响。目前常用的干旱监测指数,都有各自的优缺点,无法适用于所有类型的干旱。论文利用基于气象要素驱动数据集的SPI（Standardized Precipitation Index）、基于MODIS（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）的ESI（Evaporative Stress Index）、ETI（Evapotranspiration Index）和基于GRACE（Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment）观测数据的水储量变化TWSC（Terrestrial Water Storage Changes）,对西南地区2005—2014年间的干旱情况进行分析,对比了几种不同数据源下的干旱监测指标的监测效果。结果表明：1）4种干旱监测指标对西南地区的干旱都较为敏感,其中6个月尺度的SPI（即SPI-6）与3个月尺度的ESI（即ESI-3）相关性相对最强（R2=0.431, P<0.01）;2）基于GRACE的水储量变化受全局性大干旱的影响较大,且秋冬比夏天的影响大;3）SPI-6、ESI-3、ETI-3能够较为准确地监测出干旱的空间分布及干旱过程中重心的移动,ETI-3在2009—2010年的干旱中有明显滞后,SPI-6则在干旱末期夸大干旱严重程度。 相似文献
135.
某水利枢纽坝区构造特征及其对岩溶发育规律的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
某水利枢纽区构造基本格局形成于早白垩世的燕山运动,此时构造应力场以NE向为最大主应力方向,形成了规模较大的NE向百兴向斜;渐新世以来,区域表现为大面积的间歇性隆升,构造应力场转变以NW向为最大主应力方向,形成坝区占统治地位的NE向构造,在坚硬的岩层中形成大量节理裂隙,软弱岩层中则表现为塑性变形。这种构造特征对岩溶的发育具有控制性作用:(1)构造发育史控制了岩溶发育演化史,(2)构造运动的间歇性导致岩溶的多层性及继承性,(3)褶皱限制了岩溶呈NE向带状分布,(4)不同岩层内构造特征相异导致岩溶仅在某些岩层内较发育,(5)节理裂隙控制了岩溶发育的部位及形态规模。 相似文献
136.
Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment. 相似文献
137.
为了解富营养水体中NH4+-N胁迫对埃格草（Egeria densa）的影响,通过室外模拟试验,研究了埃格草在不同ρ（NH4+-N）（0、0.5、2.0 mg/L）下的RGR（relative growth rate,相对生长率）、R/S（root/shoot ratio,根冠比）、w（SC）（SC为可溶性糖,soluble sugar）、w（淀粉）、w（蔗糖）、w（FAA）（FAA为游离氨基酸,free amino acid）、w（NH4+-N）和w（NO3--N）的变化.结果表明:随着外源ρ（NH4+-N）的增加,埃格草的RGR和R/S呈降低的趋势,并且在ρ（NH4+-N）为2.0 mg/L时显著降低（RGR为P < 0.001,R/S为P < 0.05）;埃格草中w（SC）和w（淀粉）在ρ（NH4+-N）为0.5和2.0 mg/L下有不同程度显著降低[w（SC）为P < 0.01和P < 0.001,w（淀粉）为P < 0.001和P < 0.05],w（蔗糖）在ρ（NH4+-N）为2.0 mg/L时显著降低（P < 0.001）;w（FAA）和w（NH4+-N）有随外源ρ（NH4+-N）升高而升高的趋势,并且在ρ（NH4+-N）为2.0 mg/L时升高显著[w（FAA）为P < 0.01,w（NH4+-N）为P < 0.05];w（NO3--N）在ρ（NH4+-N）为0.5和2.0 mg/L下有不同程度显著降低（P < 0.01和P < 0.001）.相关分析表明,w（SC）、w（淀粉）和w（蔗糖）之间呈显著正相关,三者与w（FAA）和w（NH4+-N）之间均呈显著负相关,而与w（NO3--N）呈显著正相关;w（FAA）和w（NH4+-N）呈显著正相关,而二者与w（NO3--N）均呈显著负相关.研究显示,NH4+-N影响埃格草的生长,导致C-N代谢的不平衡. 相似文献
138.
Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/kg in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidaseactivities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was possibly an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants. 相似文献
139.
Samin Raziperchikolaee Ola Babarinde Joel Sminchak Neeraj Gupta 《Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology》2019,9(6):1247-1265
Understanding the distribution and orientation of natural fractures within Knox Groups is of significance in seeking potential CO2 storage zones with high practical storage capacity. Over 700 observations of natural fractures were interpreted on acquired resistivity and acoustic image logs collected at multiple well locations ranging in depth from 730 to 3900 m in the Knox Group interval on the western flank of Appalachian Basin. We evaluated the structural parameters of the fractures using statistical analysis. Natural fracture intensity was observed to increase up‐dip within the studied area. The present day maximum horizontal stress direction was derived using the interpretation of wellbore breakouts and drilling‐induced tensile fractures in image logs. Overall, a high percentage of fractures with varying dip directions were observed to strike subparallel to the contemporary maximum horizontal stress direction. Multiphase flow–geomechanics coupled numerical simulations and poromechanics analytical solutions were then used to study pressure and stress response of CO2 injection into the fractured Knox reservoirs. In addition, we applied a dual permeability model combined with a fracture activation model to study the permeability enhancement and its effect on injection mass increase. We also showed the line source injection solution can reasonably predict stress changes of CO2 injection into the deep saline formations. Results were analyzed to understand the potential effect of natural fractures in sandstone formations and fractured layers in thick carbonate formations on CO2‐injected mass, time‐dependent stress evolution, and the ratio of stress to pore pressure changes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
140.