云南红河流域的水土流失与重点防治

红河流域植被覆盖度低，水土流失严重。重点防治水土流失，须立足于生物措施，推广“两效快速”树种和采用“漏斗覆膜”等技术；有条件开垦耕地的，可采用逐年梯带化等技术，并应由政府责成有关部门加以宣传和组织实施，科技机构带头示范，做出样板。     

上推流厌氧反应器连续干发酵猪粪产沼气试验研究

为解决猪粪连续干发酵存在的氨抑制和出料难等难题,在温度(25±2)℃、有机负荷为干物质(TS)4.44 g.(L.d)-1的条件下,采用上推流式厌氧反应器(UPAR)对猪粪进行连续干式发酵试验,研究了猪粪干发酵过程的产气情况、氨抑制现象和出料流动性,并考察了上推流厌氧反应器进行猪粪干发酵的可行性.试验采用4种不同TS质量分数(20%、25%、30%、35%)的猪粪作为原料,经160 d的运行.结果表明,进料TS质量分数对发酵过程有很大的影响,4种不同进料TS质量分数稳定的池容产气率分别为2.40、1.73、0.89、0.62 L.(L.d)-1,进料TS质量分数为20%、25%和30%的产气效率明显优于进料TS=35%的产气效率.随着进料TS质量分数从20%增加到35%,氨氮质量浓度>2 300 mg.L-1会出现明显的产气抑制.在进料TS=35%时,氨氮质量浓度能达到3 800 mg.L-1,产气速率相对于进料TS=20%递减74.1%.当进料TS达到35%、出料TS质量分数达到17.1%、流速<0.002 m.s-1时,UPAR不能顺利出料.     

Managing Public Forests: Understanding the Role of Collaborative Planning

/ As federal land management agencies such as the USDA Forest Service increasingly choose to implement collaborative methods of public participation, research is needed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the technique, to identify barriers to effective implementation of collaborative processes, and to provide recommendations for increasing its effectiveness. This paper reports on the findings of two studies focused on the experiences of Forest Service employees and their external partners as they work to implement collaborative planning processes in national forest management. The studies show both similarities and differences between agency employees and their partners in terms of how they evaluate their collaborative experiences. The studies reveal that both Forest Service employees and external partners are supportive of collaborative planning and expect it to continue in the future, both see the trust and relationships built during the process as being its greatest benefit, and both see the Forest Service's organizational culture as the biggest barrier to effective collaborative efforts. The groups differed in terms of evaluating each other's motivation for participating in the process and in whether the process was a good use of time and resources, with external partners seeing it as too drawn out and expensive. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications and changes necessary to increase the effectiveness of collaborative efforts within the Forest Service and other federal land management agencies.KEY WORDS: Public land management; Collaborative planning; National forests; Public participation     

用氟污染桑叶饲养蚕对干茧和丝质量影响的研究

研究表明,桑叶氟污染较重时,干茧和丝的质量受到危害,茧层重、粒茧量和公升茧粒等6项指标均显示干茧质量明显下降;在14项丝质量指标中除清洁度和强伸力外,均有明显氟危害影响.     

孟津电厂脱硫项目的工程设计特点

针对孟津脱硫项目无旁路烟道,场地规划小的特点,从主机、工艺、设备、运行等角度全面设计提高该脱硫项目的设计可靠性,以更好的适应主机的运行需要,对于无旁路烟道的脱硫设计提供了一些很好的设计思路,同时建议对于脱硫装置中有干磨系统的设计应更加慎重,特别是在小场地项目中,需要预留出足够的规划场地。     

Comparison of annual dry and wet deposition fluxes of selected pesticides in Strasbourg, France

This work summarizes the results of a study of atmospheric wet and dry deposition fluxes of Deisopropyl-atrazine (DEA), Desethyl-atrazine (DET), Atrazine, Terbuthylazine, Alachlor, Metolachlor, Diflufenican, Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, Iprodione, Isoproturon and Cymoxanil pesticides conducted in Strasbourg, France, from August 2000 through August 2001. The primary objective of this work was to calculate the total atmospheric pesticide deposition fluxes induced by atmospheric particles. To do this, a modified one-dimensional cloud water deposition model was used. All precipitation and deposition samples were collected at an urban forested park environment setting away from any direct point pesticide sources. The obtained deposition fluxes induced by atmospheric particles over a forested area showed that the dry deposition flux strongly contributes to the total deposition flux. The dry particle deposition fluxes are shown to contribute from 4% (DET) to 60% (cymoxanil) to the total deposition flux (wet + dry).     

循环半干法烟气脱硫装置脱硫效率的回归分析

以循环半干法烟气脱硫机理为基础,推导了脱硫效率的表达式。对主要影响因素与脱硫效率的关系进行了回归分析,建立了数学模型,为循环半干法脱硫装置的设计、运行和脱硫效率的预测提供依据。     

南宁市郊空气和大气干湿沉降物中多环芳烃的污染特征

采用空气被动采样器和大气干湿采样器分夏、冬季采集大气及其干湿沉降物样品,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定16种多环芳烃(PAHs)优先控制污染物。结果表明:冬、夏季大气干湿沉降物中PAHs的平均值分别为581.06、174.59ng/(m2·d),冬季PAHs的组成以2～3环PAHs为主,夏季以4～6环PAHs为主;冬、夏季空气中PAHs的平均值分别为149.16、168.70ng/d,均以2～3环PAHs为主。大气干湿沉降物PAHs的沉降通量时空变化为:冬季,商住文教混合区农业区工业区;夏季,工业区农业区商住文教混合区;冬季大于夏季3.3倍。空气PAHs沉降通量的时空变化为:冬季,工业区商住文教混合区农业区;夏季,农业区工业区商住文教混合区;冬季略低于夏季。     

干电池中重金属的浸出特性及危害研究

所有的家用干电池中都或多或少含有不同种类的重金属。这些重金属进入环境并达到一定含量后 ,其毒性对人体健康和生物圈会造成潜在危害。而电池进入填埋场后是否会发生壳体破损并造成重金属污染 ?本文针对废干电池进入填埋场后 ,重金属的释放和污染情况进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,电池壳体可有效阻止电池中重金属的释放 ,即便是在破损后对渗滤液中重金属的贡献也是微乎其微的。     

青海省干旱半干旱地区农村的能源问题

以青海省为例，探讨了我国西北干旱、半干旱地区农村的能源问题及其对自然生态环境的影响。针对青海省农村由于能源消费结构不合理，商品能源供应不足，生活能源利用率低下，可再生能源资源破坏严重等特点所引发的生态环境问题和社会问题，提出了解决青海省农村能源问题，保护生态环境的对策建议。