Effects of sulfur dioxide on growth,gas exchange rate and leaf sulfur content of massion pine seedlings

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Biodiversity conservation incentive programs for privately owned forests

In many countries, a large proportion of forest biodiversity exists on private land. Legal restrictions are often inadequate to prevent loss of habitat and encourage forest owners to manage areas for biodiversity, especially when these management actions require time, money, and other resources. Environmental programs encouraging these actions through economic incentives can be used instead of additional legal restrictions, although to be efficient and successful, an incentive program must be thoughtfully developed and its conservation goals must be clear. In addition to being economically efficient, programs must be acceptable to landowners and ecologically appropriate, especially with respect to the case-specific objectives and the ecosystems in question. We introduce a sample of voluntary incentive programs for private forests in Europe and North America. We briefly describe the economic, social, and ecological characteristics of the programs and the forests they aim to conserve, and evaluate the success of these programs with respect to their explicitly stated goals and the ecological status of the forests in that country or state. Important factors contributing to program success include an allowance for some economic productivity in enrolled forests, a long period since time of program inception, and little interference from other incentive programs.     

废干电池热解物料酸溶及溶液净化试验

文章介绍了废干电池的“热解-酸溶-同槽电解”组合工艺中的酸溶技术及溶液净化的工艺条件研究。     

元江干热河谷山地植被类型调查与恢复措施

元江干热河谷海拔1200m以下的山地残存的森林植被寥寥无几,山地严重退化,炎热、干燥的气候,旱涝、风沙灾害已成了元江县及周围山地的严重生态问题。通过对元江干热河谷山地植被类型的调查,提出了植被恢复的措施。     

Influences of climate change on dry matter accumulating velocity of spring wheat and numerical simulation in arid and semi-arid regions

The influences of climate change on the velocity of dry matter accumulation of spring wheat and numerical simulation in arid and semi-arid regions under the condition of rainfalled agriculture or irrigated agriculture were quantitatively analysed by using the field experimental data. The results showed that the velocity of dry matter accumulation of spring wheat was declined with the temperature rising. The accumulating velocity would be declined 4.9 - 14.0% in irrigated agriculture area when air temperature rose in 0.5-4.0℃ ; but in rainfalled agriculture regions, the velocity of dry matter accumulation would be increased with the soil moisture increasing when air temperature rose in 0.5-1.0℃ and decreased when the air temperature rose in 3.0-4.0 ℃ .     

Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics: Case Studies in the Former Soviet Union,the Conterminous United States,Mexico and Brazil

This research assessed land-use impacts on C flux at a national level in four countries: former Soviet Union, United States, Mexico and Brazil, including biotic processes in terrestrial ecosystems (closed forests, woodlands, and croplands), harvest of trees for wood and paper products, and direct C emission from fires. The terrestrial ecosystems of the four countries contain approximately 40% of the world's terrestrial biosphere C pool, with the FSU alone having 27% of the global total. Average phytomass C densities decreased from south to north while average soil C densities in all three vegetation types generally increased from south to north. The C flux from land cover conversion was divided into a biotic component and a land-use component. We estimate that the total net biotic flux (Tg/yr) was positive (= uptake) in the FSU (631) and the U.S. (332), but negative in Mexico (−37) and Brazil (−16). In contrast, total flux from land use was negative (= emissions) in all four countries (TgC/yr): FSU −343; U.S. −243; Mexico −35; and Brazil −235. The total net effect of the biotic and land-use factors was a C sink in the FSU and the U.S. and a C source in both Brazil and Mexico. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

烟气同时脱硫脱氮技术

概述了目前硫氧化物和氮氧化物的危害及污染现状;归纳了烟气同时脱硫脱氮技术(包括干式工艺和湿式工艺两大类)的基本原理及其应用情况;比较分析了同时脱硫脱氮技术的经济适用性水平并指出现有工艺存在的问题.根据烟气脱硫脱氮技术的低成本、高效率的研发趋势,提出该技术存在问题的解决措施和今后的研究方向;并对微波诱导催化技术与活性炭材料联用的脱硫脱氮新技术进行了可行性评价.     

黄河断流的态势、成因与科学对策

从70年代以来，黄河持续断流，且断流情势日趋严重，它不仅发生在下游而且也已在源头出现。滔滔黄河缘何断流?70年代以来流域引黄水量剧增、到达下游水量锐减是主因；输沙需水量巨大和中游工程调节能力不足居次。归根结底，断流是人类活动所致，是人类对黄河水土资源过度利用的结果。流域降水量的丰枯波动对断流影响不大。为了缓解黄河断流，必须调整产业结构，切实提高水资源有效利用率；加强水土保持，增加生态用水量，改善生态环境，减少人黄泥沙；流域外调水是缓解北方省区缺水的重要措施之一，但应从长计议。     

浅基质层干植草沟运行效果的现场实验

为避免设施出水下渗污染地下水并防止市政管道雨污倒灌进入设施,于上海市区高架路下方建造一座排水管上弯的不透型浅层干植草沟.根据2019年汛期内进、出水量及水质的长期监测,对设施水文及水质控制效果进行评价.结果表明监测期内设施径流总量控制率为39.4%,对初始雨强小于8.0 mm·h~(-1)的降雨具有明显峰值削减效果;设施能有效去除道路径流中总悬浮固体(TSS)、化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)和总氮(TN),污染物负荷去除率分别为95.4%、 83.1%、 90.0%和57.7%;设施基质层添加的发酵木屑和排水管上弯的构造可在进水期实现反硝化并在前期无雨期(ADP)维持一定反硝化效果,设施水力负荷(HLR)的增大及无雨期的延长分别影响进水期与无雨期硝酸盐氮(NO~-_3-N)的去除.在基质层饱和渗透速率较高、厚度较浅条件下,设施有效改善了道路径流水质.不透型干植草沟可与市区河道的调蓄容积结合,共同承担起高地下水位地区实现年径流总量与污染负荷控制率的任务.     

OREINTATION AND PRIORITY AREAS OF DRY LAND AGRO-TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

Globalfreshwaterresourcesaregettingincreasinglyscarce ,enlargingtheareaofdrylandandmakingthesituationworse .Thus,theresearchanddevelopmentondrylandagro technologyiscatchingpeople’sincreasingattention .DrylandareasinChinaaremainlydis tributedinnorthern 1 6 provinces (municipalities ,autonomousregions) ,whosedrylandagri cultureplaysanimportantrolein 2 1stcenturyChina’sagriculture .Majorissuesfacedbydrylandagro techdevelopment　Inearly 1 980s ,addressingtheseverescarcityofwaterinthenorthernCh…