OREINTATION AND PRIORITY AREAS OF DRY LAND AGRO-TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

Globalfreshwaterresourcesaregettingincreasinglyscarce ,enlargingtheareaofdrylandandmakingthesituationworse .Thus,theresearchanddevelopmentondrylandagro technologyiscatchingpeople’sincreasingattention .DrylandareasinChinaaremainlydis tributedinnorthern 1 6 provinces (municipalities ,autonomousregions) ,whosedrylandagri cultureplaysanimportantrolein 2 1stcenturyChina’sagriculture .Majorissuesfacedbydrylandagro techdevelopment　Inearly 1 980s ,addressingtheseverescarcityofwaterinthenorthernCh…     

Invasion of Gleditsia triacanthos in Lithraea ternifolia Montane Forests of Central Argentina

Gleditsia triacanthos and the native dominant Lithraea ternifolia in montane forests of central Argentina, considering life history and demographic traits of both the alien and the native species and different site conditions for population growth (good and bad sites). Matrix models are applied to project the consequences of differences in vital rates for population growth. Analyzing these models helps identify which life cycle transitions contributed most to population growth. Obtained population growth rates are considered to assess predicted rates of spread using the reaction-diffusion (R-D) model. G. triacanthos presents many of the life history traits that confer plants high potential for invasiveness: fast growth, clonal and sexual reproduction, short juvenile period, high seed production, and high seed germinability. These traits would ensure G. triacanthos invasive success and the displacement of the slow-growing, relatively less fecund native L. ternifolia. However, since disturbance and environmental heterogeneity complicate the invasibility pattern of G. triacanthos in these montane forests, the outcome of the invasion process is not straightforward as could be if only life history traits were considered. Great variation in demographic parameters was observed between populations of each species at good and bad sites. Though both good and bad sites signified increasing or at least stable populations for G. triacanthos, for L. ternifolia bad sites represented local extinction. Analyzing the results of matrices models helps design the optimal management for the conservation of L. ternifolia populations while preventing the invasion by G. triacanthos. The predicted asymptotic rate of spread for G. triacanthos at the good site was fourfold greater than the predicted one for L. ternifolia, although the difference was much smaller considering the bad site. The usefulness of the R-D model to study this invasion system is discussed.     

新类型混流风机除尘器的研制与应用

摒弃国内外惯用除尘器加风机的技术路线,研制具有除尘通风双重功能的混流风机除尘器,它可干湿两用除尘,除尘效率达98％以上。整机结构简单,体积小,易于维护,能耗低,造价低,是工矿企业一种新型的除尘器。     

枯水期环太湖河流溶解态重金属空间分布

文章以环太湖53条出入湖河流为研究对象,测定2009年12月至2010年3月间(枯水季节)溶解态重金属含量,结果表明Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr、As等六种重金属溶解态浓度含量均较低,且未超标.将53条河流出入湖区域分为无锡常州区、宜兴区、湖州区、苏州区四个区域,无锡常州区除Cd外,其它重金属含量最高;Cd在宜兴区含量...     

广州城区生态安全岛森林生物量、叶片滞尘和物种多样性研究

通过样方调查、植被生物量估算和植物叶片滞尘测定等途径,研究广州城区生态安全岛森林的生物量、植物叶片滞尘和物种多样性的作用.结果表明:①生态安全岛植物群落的生物量介于69.61～371.34t·hm-2之间,碳储量介于34.81～185.67t·hm-2之间.随着植物群落的正向演替,生物量和碳储量不断增加.②不同采样点植...     

活性炭基新型脱硫剂的性能试验研究

本文结合试验,介绍了活性炭与助剂复配所制脱硫剂吸蓝量受助剂制法、助剂百分比和焙烧温度的影响,并测试了最优制备方案得到的脱硫剂的脱硫性能。     

干法烟气脱硫渣在建材行业中高技术附加值利用的探讨

文章阐述了目前国内外对干法脱硫渣综合利用的现状,以胶凝材料学以及水泥化学为理论基础,将干法脱硫渣中的物质划分为三类,并提出在充分激发其活性的基础上,对干法脱硫渣进行高技术附加值的利用,并详细阐述了其原理和途径。     

AFTOX烟团扩散预测模型参数敏感性分析

通过设置不同环境气象条件的风险污染源,选取最大高峰浓度和最大高峰浓度出现的时间为考察指标,采用正交试验法,分析环境风险评价预测模型AFTOX中大气稳定度、事故处地表粗糙度、事故处地表类型和干湿度对其预测结果的影响。分析结果表明,当风速一致时,大气稳定度对最大峰值浓度的影响总是大于事故处地表粗糙度以及事故处地表类型和干湿度,而最大峰值浓度出现的时间对各参数的敏感性无变化。     

前期晴天时间对城市降雨径流污染水质的影响

识别影响城市降雨径流污染的主要因子是城市降雨径流污染治理和管理的前提和基础.为此,从2006年5月开始,选择镇江具有代表性的土地使用类型监测城市地表径流水质,分析前期晴天时间对城市地表降雨径污染物的影响.结果表明,随着前期晴天时间的增加,径流中粒径<40 μm的颗粒物粒径体积分数增加;径流中主要水质参数(TN、TP、Zn、Pb、Cu、TSS和COD)与前期晴天时间呈显著正相关,初期地表径流中溶解态污染物增加,说明前期晴天时间是影响城市径流污染浓度和形态的主要因子,从而为城市降雨径流污染的控制和治理提供科学依据.     

Deposition Monitoring in Europe

A monitoring station for atmospheric deposition was designed and constructed. Three such stations were applied in a pilot project for a year on three sites (Speulder forest in The Netherlands, Auchencorth in Scotland and Melpitz in Germany) in different regions in Europe to estimate local inputs and to validate deposition models which are currently used or developed to estimate ecosystem specific deposition in Europe. Fluxes at Auchencorth Moss are lowest for all components, except for those much influenced by the sea as a source. As Melpitz is located far away from seas, these components are lowest at this site. Wet deposition is the dominant source of input at Auchencorth, whereas at Speulder forest, through its roughness and pollution climate, dry deposition is dominant. At this site dry deposition velocities are highest. Melpitz is a polluted site. Particularly sulphur deposition is high. It is recommended to equip several locations in Europe with intensive deposition monitoring methods. Such a network will be an extension of existing monitoring programmes on air pollution, such as that run by Eurepean Monitoring and Evaluation Programme for the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP). The intensive monitoring locations should be selected based on pollution climates and type of vegetation, common in Europe.