生物炭和秸秆还田对紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体与有机碳的影响

明确生物炭和秸秆还田对未利用的新垦紫色土旱坡地土壤团聚体和有机碳的影响,为三峡库区土壤改良提供科学依据.采用田间试验方法,分析不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(NPK)、优化施肥(GNPK)、化肥减量配施秸秆(RSD)和化肥减量配施生物炭(BC)处理对不同粒径土壤团聚体含量及其有机碳贡献率的影响.结果表明,施肥可提高土壤养分含量水平,尤以RSD和BC处理最为显著;各处理以<0.25 mm粒级团聚体为优势粒级,施肥能显著增加5～0.5 mm粒级团聚体含量,提高平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和R_0.25(> 0.25 mm团聚体含量)值,降低分形维数(D)和土壤结构体破坏率(PAD_0.25)值(P <0.05);施肥能显著提高土壤有机碳含量,其中BC(6.73 g·kg^-1)和RSD(5.45 g·kg^-1)效果显著优于NPK(5.05g·kg^-1)和GNPK(3.63 g·kg^-1);<0.25 mm团聚体有机碳贡献率最高(3...     

Human disturbance and shifts in vertebrate community composition in a biodiversity hotspot

Understanding how human modification of the landscape shapes vertebrate community composition is vital to understanding the current status and future trajectory of wildlife. Using a participatory approach, we deployed the largest camera-trap network in Mesoamerica to date to investigate how anthropogenic disturbance shapes the occupancy and co-occurrence of terrestrial vertebrate species in a tropical biodiversity hotspot: the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. We estimated species richness in different categories of land protection with rarefaction analysis and estimated the expected occupancy with a joint species distribution model that included covariates for anthropogenic disturbance, land protection, habitat quality, and habitat availability. Areas with the most stringent land-use protections (e.g., Corcovado National Park, 24 species [95% CI 23–25]) harbored significantly more species than unprotected areas (20 species [19.7–20.3]), mainly due to a reduced presence of large-bodied species of conservation concern in unprotected areas (e.g., jaguar Panthera onca and white-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari). Small-bodied generalist species, such as opossums (Didelphidae) and armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), in contrast, were more common at disturbed sites, resulting in a significant difference in vertebrate community composition between sites with low and high disturbance. Co-occurrence of species was also mainly associated with response to disturbance. Similar responses to disturbance create two groups of species, those whose site-level occupancy usually increased as anthropogenic disturbance increased and those whose estimated occupancy decreased. The absence of large-bodied species entails an important loss of ecological function in disturbed areas and can hinder forest development and maintenance. Efforts to protect and restore forested landscapes are likely having a positive effect on the abundance of some threatened species. These efforts, however, must be sustained and expanded to increase connectivity and ensure the long-term viability of the wildlife community.     

山水林田湖草生态保护修复江苏实践与思考

“实施山水林田湖草生态保护和修复工程，全面提升自然生态系统稳定性和生态服务功能”是习近平生态文明思想的重要创新成果，为开展生态环境保护修复工作提供了重要指引和根本遵循。2019年以来，江苏省开展山水林田湖草生态保护修复省级试点工程共5类59个工程项目。在总结了试点地区工作经验做法的基础上，针对存在的生态保护修复和绿色发展协同理念认识不足、生态修复保护整体性和系统性不够、生态修复经验总结及全周期管理有待加强、打破界限的体制机制改革创新亟需完善等问题及难点，提出了相应的工作政策建议，以期打造全国生态保护修复的江苏样板。     

黑龙江省“十三五”时期生态环境质量变化及趋势预测

以黑龙江省生态环境监测网监测结果为基础,总结归纳了"十三五"期间黑龙江省生态环境质量变化特征,并采用随机森林和GM(1,1)预测模型对"十四五"期间黑龙江省生态环境质量状况进行了预测。结果表明:"十三五"期间,黑龙江省环境空气、水环境和声环境质量全面好转。其中,环境空气主要污染物PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO的年均质量浓度均呈现出明显下降的趋势,"哈大绥"重点区域PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和CO年均质量浓度呈现下降趋势。地表水水质总体呈波动变化趋势,水质状况均为轻度污染。"十四五"期间,黑龙江省生态环境质量将处于稳中向好的趋势。环境空气主要污染物及地表水主要污染指标年均质量浓度均呈现明显的下降趋势,道路交通声环境质量也将得到进一步改善。     

干湿季节下再生水补给河流的溶解性有机物组成特征及其与致病菌基因的相互关系

水体中溶解性有机物(DOM)对各种类型污染物的迁移转化具有重要影响.为了考察干湿季节下再生水补给水体的DOM分子多样性变化及其主要成分对致病菌分布及迁移的影响,本研究以北京两个典型的再生水补给水体(清河和沙河水库)为对象,分别在旱季和雨季采集水样,采用三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)、平行因子分析(PARAFAC)、光谱指...