苏北某市垃圾填埋场周围地下水氮污染及其形态研究

通过对垃圾填埋场地下水氮污染状况的监测,分析了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的水质特征及其对地下水氮污染的影响。结果表明:垃圾渗滤液含有高浓度的NH4+-N,渗滤液进入土壤后,大量共存离子的竞争吸附减弱了土壤胶体对NH4+-N的吸附能力;土壤中有机质增加后,土壤胶体对NH4+-N的吸附性降低,吸附量减少;且高浓度NH4+-N的存在抑制了硝化作用,从而使大量的NH4+-N未能被土壤胶体吸附转化就随渗滤液继续迁移至地下水中,导致地下水的氮污染主要以NH4+-N为主。     

城市水循环经济发展思路及体系构建

随着城市水循环经济性差、水资源供需失衡以及由此引发的水生态环境恶化等一系列问题的出现。迫切需要加强在城市水资源调控管理及水循环经济发展模式方面的探索与研究。在水资源紧缺、城市发展规模扩大的新形势下,运用可持续发展理论,从分析城市水循环经济的内涵入手,评述研究区水资源循环利用发展现状及存在的问题,提出解决思路并对城市水循环经济发展体系构建模式及保障途径进行探讨。     

Fungal contamination of stored automobile-fuels in a tropical environment

Because of the lack of reports, the base levels of microbial contamination on stored fuels are unknown in tropical regions and it is unclear whether these levels have some influence on fuel quality parameters. Therefore, fungal quality in automobile fuels stored across Costa Rican territory was evaluated during two years according to the standard ASTM D6974-04. For a total of 96 samples, counts and identification of molds and yeasts were performed on regular gas, premium gas and diesel taken from the bottom and superior part of the container tanks. The highest contamination was found on the bottom of the tanks, where an aqueous phase was usually identified, showing populations over the ones present in the hydrocarbon itself (up to 108 CFU/L). Diesel was the most contaminated fuel (up to 107 CFU/L); however, an alteration on the physicochemical parameters was not observed in any kind of fuel. Seventy-five mold strains were isolated, Penicillium sp. being the most common genus (45.8% of the samples), and ten yeast strains, from the genera Candida sp. and Rhodotorula sp. Four of the yeasts were able to grow on diesel as the sole carbon source, at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 25%. Increasing the frequency of tank cleaning, adding antimicrobial agents and monitoring microbial populations are recommended strategies to improve microbial quality of stored fuels.     

石家庄裕华路西段道路尘与表土重金属污染

城市道路尘与土壤表土是现代化城市环境变化的重要载体,记载了城市工业、交通和人类活动的环境影响。在城市化不断加快的背景下,重金属污染对人体潜在的危害越来越大,重金属污染监测已日益引起人们高度重视。磁化率在一定的环境中可作为重金属的替代指标,磁性测量成为城市环境污染监测的新途径新方法。通过对石家庄裕华路西段道路尘土与土壤表土样品的低频磁化率分析得出结论：裕华路西段道路尘磁化率自市中心向郊区逐渐降低,道路尘重金污染程度由市中心向郊区逐渐减弱;不同区位的道路尘与土壤表土重金属污染程度分别为中心区〉二环以内〉三环以内〉郊区和三环以内〉二环以内〉郊区〉市中心;同一区域的道路尘比土壤表土的重金属污染更严重。     

岛屿硬化集水面雨水弃流方案与分质收集策略研究

通过研究海南岛文昌市水泥屋顶和水泥路面上的雨水径流特征,建立了岛屿地区不同硬化集水面的雨水弃流方案和分质收集策略.在降雨初期,水泥路面和水泥屋顶均发生明显的冲刷效应,水泥路面雨水径流污染物浓度远高于水泥屋顶,且不同硬化集水面上前30%雨水中的污染物浓度均高于后70%的雨水.通过与相关水质指标对比得出,水泥屋顶雨水径流可作为饮用水水源,水泥路面雨水径流经处理可作为城市杂用水使用.通过建立雨水径流污染物累积-冲刷经验模型,可计算不同硬化集水面的弃流雨量,并以此为依据制定了弃流方案.以两种典型硬质化集水面径流污染物传输特征、水质特征和弃流方案为基础,分别提出了屋顶雨水收集方案和多种生态方法协同作用的路面雨水收集方案,可为岛屿地区的雨水收集利用方案提供参考依据.     

Impacts of n-alkane concentration on soil bacterial community structure and alkane monooxygenase genes abundance during bioremediation processes

Petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly consisting of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are considered as priority pollutants and biohazards in the environment, eventually affecting the ecosystem and human health. Though many previous studies have investigated the change of bacterial community and alkane degraders during the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, there is still lack of understanding on the impacts of soil alkane contamination level. In the present study, microcosms with different n-alkane contamination (1%, 3% and 5%) were set up and our results indicated a complete alkane degradation after 30 and 50 days in 1%- and 3%-alkane treatments, respectively. In all the treatments, alkanes with medium-chain length (C₁₁-C₁₄) were preferentially degraded by soil microbes, followed by C₂₇-alkane in 3% and 5% treatments. Alkane contamination level slightly altered soil bacterial community, and the main change was the presence and abundance of dominant alkane degraders. Thermogemmatisporaceae, Gemmataceae and Thermodesulfovibrionaceae were highly related to the degradation of C₁₄- and C₂₇-alkanes in 5% treatment, but linked to alkanes with medium-chain (C₁₁-C₁₈) in 1% treatment and C₂₁-alkane in 3% treatment, respectively. Additionally, we compared the abundance of three alkane-monooxygenase genes, e.g., alk_A, alk_P and alk_R. The abundance of alk_R gene was highest in soils, and alk_P gene was more correlated with alkane degradation efficiency, especially in 5% treatment. Our results suggested that alkane contamination level showed non-negligible effects on soil bacterial communities to some extents, and particularly shaped alkane degraders and degrading genes significantly. This study provides a better understanding on the response of alkane degraders and bacterial communities to soil alkane concentrations, which affects their biodegradation process.

Open image in new window

     

双压入贴附送风在高温巷道掘进中的降温规律研究

为量化研究高温矿井深部开采掘进巷道在抽压混合通风中设备布置及风量分配对降温效果的影响规律问题,利用AN-SYS-FLUENT软件数值模拟掘进巷道通风降温模型.首先,提出双压入式混合贴附通风降温思路,并分别建立传统抽压混合通风与双压入式混合通风的巷道三维几何模型;然后,进行6组不同设备布置及风量分配的降温方案对比实验;最...     

生态修复后某矿区下游农田土壤金属污染特征与风险评价

为研究广东省某矿区开展生态修复多年后下游农田土壤的金属污染状况,选取该矿区下游某村周边农田土壤及灌溉水渠作为研究对象,对该区域采集了40个土壤表层样本和8个水体样本,利用Arcgis软件对农田土壤样品中As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Mn和Fe₂O₃的质量分数进行克里金空间插值,解析该区域农田土壤金属的空间分布特征;采用综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对该区域耕作层土壤中As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和Mn进行风险评价。结果表明,40个土壤样品中As、Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的超标率分别为77.5%、70%、87.5%、27.5%和67.5%,说明调查区域农田土壤污染属于多金属复合污染,且对农作物的生产和安全产生巨大的威胁。部分土壤样品中As、Pb和Cd含量超过了中国农用地土壤污染风险管制值,需采取严格管控措施。通过分析土壤金属的空间分布,发现土壤金属含量超标点位主要位于灌溉口与受污染河流周边,且含量与离灌溉口距离成反比。结合目前灌溉水样中的金属均未超标的情况,得出该区域农田土壤污染是由该矿区生态环境修复前所产生的含金属灌溉水导致土壤中金属的积累...     

含水雾横向风作用下双喷口射流扩散火焰特性

为探究在横向风作用下不同超细水雾含量对双喷口射流扩散火焰燃烧特性的影响,利用高速摄像机拍摄火焰几何形态,分析不同喷口间距和横向风中的超细水雾含量对火焰形态演化、火焰长度和火焰吹熄极限的影响,并基于前人数学模型,推导与增长区域试验数据具有较好相关性的火焰拉伸长度变化的经验公式.结果 表明:随着横向风中雾通量的增加,双喷口...     

化学强化洗脱修复铜、 菲及其复合污染黄土

采用批平衡法研究了乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）或/和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）强化洗脱铜（Cu2＋）或/和菲（PHE）污染的甘肃黄土.结果表明,EDTA或/和SDS能有效地去除单一或复合污染黄土中的Cu2＋或/和PHE,当EDTA浓度〈0.1 mol/L时,共存PHE对Cu2＋的去除有明显的促进作用,而当EDTA浓度〉0...