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121.
122.
Duckweed species are promising macrophytes that can be used in wastewater treatment due to their rapid growth, ease of harvest, low fiber feed potential, and high protein contents. Waste‐water contaminants that are likely to be generated during washing of coal are total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acidity or alkalinity (pH), and metallic contaminants. Bioprocesses were developed to evaluate the potential of duckweed (Lemna minor) to treat coal washery effluent (CWE) as well as to study the impact on the biochemical changes of the Lemna minor. CWE samples were diluted with distilled water (DW) in different ratios as follows: T1‐CWE:DW(20:80%), T2‐CWE:DW(40:60%), T3‐CWE:DW(60:40%), T4‐CWE:DW (80:20%), T5‐CWE (100%), and Control‐DW(100%). The electrical conductivity of the effluent treated with Lemna minor was 0.035 deciSiemens per meter (dS/m) in the control at Day 10 and substantially higher at treatment ratios of 100, 80, and 60 percent (1.754, 1.842, and 1.631 dS/m). The highest amount of TSS was observed at test ratio T5 (38,834 mg/L), followed by T4 (28,816 mg/L), T3 (26,970 mg/L), T2 (15,320 mg/L), T1 (4,524 mg/L), and control (424 mg/L). Total hardness was higher (820 mg/L) in T4 compared to the control (220 mg/L). Total hardness of the effluent decreased after 30 days of incubation in all the treatment aliquots. The CWE at 20 percent concentration increased the duckweed population and no adverse impacts on its growth were observed. At higher concentration (T5) total mortality of Lemna minor was observed. The chlorophyll production was determined to be inversely proportional to the effluent concentration. Based on this study, it is concluded that Lemna minor can be used for treating CWE after dilution with fresh water. 相似文献
123.
Rauda Lúcia Mariani Sergio Silva Pereira Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1767-1770
The present study was designed to explore the correlation between the frequency of micronuclei in Trad-MN, measured across 28 biomonitoring stations during the period comprised between 11 of May and 2 of October, 2006, and adjusted mortality rates due to cardiovascular, respiratory diseases and cancer in Sao José dos Campos, Brazil, an area with different sources of air pollution. For controlling purposes, mortality rate due to gastrointestinal diseases (an event less prone to be affected by air pollution) was also considered in the analysis. Spatial distribution of micronuclei frequency was determined using average interpolation. The association between health estimators and micronuclei frequency was determined by measures of Pearson's correlation. Higher frequencies of micronuclei were detected in areas with high traffic and close to a petrochemical pole. Significant associations were detected between micronuclei frequency and adjusted mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases (r = 0.841, p = 0.036) and cancer (r = 0.890, p = 0.018). The association between mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases was positive but did not reach statistical significance (r = 0.640, p = 0.172), probably because of the small number of events. Gastrointestinal mortality did not exhibit significant association with micronuclei frequency. Because the small number of observations and the nature of an ecological study, the present findings must be considered with caution and considered as preliminary. Further studies, performed in different conditions of contamination and climate should be done before considering Trad-MN in the evaluation of human health risk imposed by air pollutants. 相似文献
124.
Jimmy S. Millican Jeffrey A. Back Anne M.S. McFarland 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(5):1219-1230
Abstract: Nutrient dose‐response bioassays were conducted using water from three sites along the North Bosque River. These bioassays provided support data for refinement of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model used in the development of two phosphorus TMDLs for the North Bosque River. Test organisms were native phytoplanktonic algae and stock cultured Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindak. Growth was measured daily by in vivo fluorescence. Algal growth parameters for maximum growth (μmax) and half‐saturation constants for nitrogen (KN) or phosphorus (KP) were determined by fitting maximum growth rates associated with each dose level to a Monod growth rate function. Growth parameters of native algae were compared between locations and to growth parameters of P. subcapitata and literature values. No significant differences in half‐saturation constants were indicated within nutrient treatment for site or algal type. Geometric mean KN was 32 μg/l and for KP 7 μg/l. A significant difference was detected in maximum growth rates between algae types but not between sites or nutrient treatments. Mean μmax was 1.5/day for native algae and 1.2/day for stock algae. These results indicate that watershed‐specific maximum growth rates may need to be considered when modeling algal growth dynamics with regard to nutrients. 相似文献
125.
Phosphate-induced lead immobilization from different lead minerals in soils under varying pH conditions 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This study investigated phosphate-induced lead immobilization from different Pb minerals in soils under varying pHs. Four soils were used, including one Pb-contaminated soil (NC-Soil) and three soils spiked with litharge (PbO), cerrusite (PbCO3), or anglesite (PbSO4), referred to as PbO-soil, PbCO3-soil, and PbSO4-soil, respectively. The soils were equilibrated with KCl and Ca(H2PO4)(2).H2O under pH of 3-7. At low pH (3 and 5), Pb solubility followed PbO-soil>PbCO3-soil>PbSO4-soil; while at pH=7, it was PbSO4-soil>PbO-soil>PbCO3-soil. Phosphate decreased Pb dissolution time from >180 to <60 min and reduced soluble Pb by 67-100%. This was mostly via transformation of Pb minerals into chloropyromorphite [Pb(5)(PO(4))(3)Cl]. Our results indicated that P addition can effectively transform various Pb minerals into insoluble chloropyromorphite in soils. This transformation was more significant at acidic condition (e.g., pH相似文献
126.
从1992年10月到1994年4月先后几次对白洋淀集水区,包括淀区及排污河道等十几个样点进行了水样采集和多指标生物毒性检验。选用的生物组合包括:荧光发光菌(Photobacteriumphosphorum)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmusobliqnus)和大型(Daphiniamagna),罗非鱼(Tilapiamossambica)鱼肝细胞毒性检验,结果表明大部分样品对光合藻有明显刺激生长的作用。污水库沿线和安新县排污渠水样对浮游动物有毒性作用。府河沿线的水样仅对鱼肝细胞有毒性作用,对发光菌无明显抑制。这些潜在的生物毒性效应是否会影响白洋淀淀区的水生生态系统,需进一步深入研究。 相似文献
127.
Narita H Abe J Funamizu N Takakuwa T Kunimoto M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):71-77
Bioassay using cultured human cell lines was applied to an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Sapporo to assess
their toxicity, and in order to investigate the fate of toxicity in the WWTP, bioassay of the water samples from several points
in WWTP (influent, effluent, return flow from thickener, from dewatering process and from incineration process) was performed.
We also applied bioassay to the mixture of the activated sludge from the investigated plant and artificial sewage. These results
showed that the toxicity of the effluent was more intensive than the influent, and organic matter released from activated
sludge bacteria during their decay process contributed to the increase of toxicity in the effluent. 相似文献
128.
Lera S Macchia S Dentone L Pellegrini D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):121-127
The aim of this work was to monitor the sensitivity of two populations of Corophium orientale (Crustacea: Amphipoda) living at the outfall of two rivers (Magra and Serchio), comparing their responses towards two different
toxicant solutions. Sensitivity was monthly checked performing the 96h-LC50 static water only test with Cd(NO3)2 and SDS. If no significant differences were found between the two populations, they could have been employed without distinction
to perform sediment toxicity bioassays. As regard to Cd, an increasing in LC50 values from summer to winter was evident in each population (Serchio River: August 2003 = 1,36 mg/l, February 2004 = 7,23 mg/l;
Magra River: August = 1,21 mg/l, April = 5,01 mg/l). This pattern was correlated to the droop of temperatures in winter
period. The responses of the two populations towards the cadmium were compared using the ANOVA. The analysis showed any significant
differences between the populations (p = 0.12). The pattern of sensitivity towards SDS for the population living on Magra River was similar to the same pattern
found for Cd; as regard to the population living on Serchio River, data were not enough to describe the annual pattern. Anyway,
statistical analysis was performed and no significant differences were found between the two populations (p = 0.34). 相似文献
129.
Katarina Jovanović-Radovanov 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(10):711-718
Field experiments were conducted during two years at Srem region to investigate the influence of meteorological conditions, time and rate of application on soil persistence of imazethapyr in sandy loam type of soil. Imazethapyr was applied PRE- and POST-EM and in both cases in three application rates: 80, 120 and 160 g a.i./ha. Soil samples were collected from the day of herbicide application in predetermined intervals up to one year after application and residual concentrations were determined with a white mustard root bioassay. Imazetapyr persistence was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions with average half-life being 6 days longer in season with lower precipitation level. Time of application induced slower imazethapyr dissipation resulting in higher average t1/2 (seven and nine days in first and second year of examination, respectively). Application rates had no consistent effect on imazethapyr persistence. Imazethapyr residue level one year after application caused no visible injuries on white mustard shoots, while root growth reduction ranged from 4.6 to 27.7%. Obtained residue levels were further compared with known data on crop sensitivity in order to assess possibility of crop injuries one year after imazethapyr application. 相似文献
130.