蛋白核小球藻与单甲脒的相互作用

本文运用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法，得出单甲脒抑制蛋白核小球藻（Ｃ．ｐｙｒｅｎｏｉｄｏｓａ ｃｈｉｃｋ）生长的９６ｈ－ＥＣ５０为３．５ｍｇ．１＾－１。实验结果表明，在单甲脒初始浓度分别为３，５，１０和２０ｍｇ．１＾－１条件下，蛋白核小球藻都不具备降解单甲脒的能力。     

Evaluation of soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand for soil-related reuse

The relationship between the chemical con- taminants and soil microbial toxicity of waste foundry sand （WFS） was investigated. Five different types of WFS from typical ferrous, aluminum, and steel foundries in China were examined for total metals, leachable metals, and organic contaminants. The soil microbial toxicity of each WFS was evaluated by measuring the dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of a blended soil and WFS mixture and then comparing it to that of unblended soil. The results show that the five WFSs had very different compositions of metal and organic contaminants and thus exhibited very different levels of soil microbial inhibition when blended with soil. For a given WFS blended with soil in the range of 10wt.%-50wt.% WFS, the DHA decreased almost linearly with increased blending ratio. Furthermore, for a given blending ratio, the WFSs with higher concentrations of metal and organic contaminants exhibited greater microbial toxicity. Correlation analysis shows that the relationship between ecotoxicity and metal and organic contaminants of WFSs can be described by an empirical logarithmic linear model. This model may be used to control WFS blending ratios in soil-related applications based on chemical analysis results to prevent significant inhibition of soil microbial activity.     

Development of enterosorbents that can be added to food and water to reduce toxin exposures during disasters

Humans and animals can be exposed to mixtures of chemicals from food and water, especially during disasters such as extended droughts, hurricanes and floods. Drought stress facilitates the occurrence of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins B₁ (AfB₁) and zearalenone (ZEN), while hurricanes and floods can mobilize toxic soil and sediments containing important pesticides (such as glyphosate). To address this problem in food, feed and water, we developed broad-acting, clay-based enterosorbents that can reduce toxin exposures when included in the diet. In this study, we processed sodium and calcium montmorillonite clays with high concentrations of sulfuric acid to increase surface areas and porosities, and conducted equilibrium isothermal analyses and dosimetry studies to derive binding parameters and gain insight into: (1) surface capacities and affinities, (2) potential mechanisms of sorption, (3) thermodynamics (enthalpy) of toxin/surface interactions and (4) estimated dose of sorbent required to maintain toxin threshold limits. We have also used a toxin-sensitive living organism (Hydra vulgaris) to predict the safety and efficacy of newly developed sorbents. Our results indicated that acid processed montmorillonites were effective sorbents for AfB₁, ZEN and glyphosate, with high capacity and tight binding, and effectively protected hydra against individual toxins, as well as mixtures of mycotoxins.     

应用黑褐新糠虾测试织纹螺毒性的初步研究

尝试以黑褐新糠虾作为实验生物,研究了投喂不同毒性的织纹螺对糠虾存活的影响,并探讨了这一方法在织纹螺毒性测试中的应用.实验结果表明:有毒织纹螺能够导致黑褐新糠虾中毒死亡,糠虾的半致死时间与织纹螺的毒性之间有显著的相关性(R2=0.9943),在96 h内织纹螺对糠虾的半致死毒性为40.11 MU/g.利用黑褐新糠虾作为实验生物可以测试织纹螺样品毒性的高低,方法的检出限约为10.44 MU/g,与日本法定的河豚鱼食用安全标准(10 MU/g)相当.     

Genotoxicity of water from the Songhua River, China, in 1994-1995 and 2002-2003: Potential risks for human health

A previous study showed that the cancer mortalities are higher for residents who lived nearby the Songhua River heavily polluted by organic contamination. It is important to determine its risk of carcinogenic potential. Short-term genotoxic bio-assays using Salmonella, Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE), and Micronuclei (MN) assays were employed to examine the genotoxic activity of ether extracts of water samples taken from the Songhua River. The results of the Salmonella bioassay indicated that there were indirect frame-shift mutagens in the water samples. A dose-response relationship for the SCE and MN assays was obtained. These results showed that organic extracts of water samples have genotoxic activity and the risk of carcinogenic potential to human health. The mutagenesis of water samples had changed compared to the results in 1994-1995. An increasing trend of risk of carcinogenic potential in the Songhua River after ten years should be noted and needs to be studied further.     

青萍在Pb、Cu污染水体植物修复中的应用研究

以青萍种浮萍（Lemna perpusilla Torr.）为实验材料,以Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）为染毒因子,设定金属离子浓度梯度（Pb（Ⅱ）：0～40 mg/L,Cu（Ⅱ）：0～4 mg/L）,考察了在不同金属离子浓度下青萍生长状况、叶片色素含量以及金属离子浓度对青萍N、P和金属离子吸收能力的影响。结果表明：金属离子浓...     

环境内分泌干扰物的作用机理及其生物检测方法

环境污染物的内分泌干扰问题近年来引起了极大的关注,大量研究工作集中于对环境内分泌干扰物的作用机理及其生物检测方法的研究。在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,对环境内分泌干扰物的类型及其主要作用机理进行了概括总结;对环境内分泌干扰物的体外生物检测方法的最新研究进展给予了评述;并对环境内分泌干扰物检测技术在环境中的应用进行了探讨;指出有关环境内分泌干扰物作用机理研究的成果能直接导致新的生物检测方法的发展,丰富了环境内分泌干扰物的检测技术类型。     

斜生栅藻与单甲脒的相互作用

为研究斜生栅藻与单甲脒的相互作用,采用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法出了单甲凶制斜生栅藻生长的９６ｈ－ＥＣ５０为６．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。实验结果表明,在单甲脒浓度分别为２,４和８ｍｇ／Ｌ下,斜生栅藻都不具备降解单甲 能力。     

Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris L. and toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor

Contamination of irrigation water represents a major constraint to Bangladesh agriculture, resulting in elevated levels in the terrestrial systems. Lux bacterial biosensor technology has previously been used to measure the toxicity of metals in various environmental matrices. While arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have their most significant effect on phosphorus uptake, but showed alleviated metal toxicity to the host plant. The study examined the effects of arsenic and inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, on lentil (Lens culinaris L. cv. Titore). Plants were grown with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum for 9 weeks in a sand and terra-green mixture (50:50, V/V) and watered with five levels of arsenic (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 mg As/L arsenate). The results showed that arsenic addition above 1 mg/L significantly reduced percentage of mycorrhizal root infection. On further analysis a close relationship was established with the vegetative and reproductive properties of lentil (L. culinaris) plants compared to the percentage bioluminescence of the soil leachate. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reduced arsenic concentration in roots and shoots. Higher concentrations of arsenic (5, 10 mg As/L arsenate) reduced the mycorrhizal efficiency to increase phosphorus content and nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this study showed that increased concentration of arsenic in irrigation water had direct implications to the lentil (L. culinaris) plants overall performance. Moreover the use of bioassay demonstrated that mycorrhiza and clay particle reduced arsenic bioavailability in soil.