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121.
James R Payne John R Clayton Jr. Bruce E Kirstein 《Spill Science & Technology Bulletin》2003,8(2):201-221
The interactions of physically dispersed oil droplets with suspended particulate material (SPM) can be important for the transport of bulk quantities of spilled crude oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to subtidal sediments. The literature regarding oil/SPM interactions is reviewed, and results from whole-oil droplet/SPM interaction kinetics and pure-component (Prudhoe Bay crude oil distillate cut) equilibrium partitioning experiments are presented. The effects of oil type, SPM characteristics, and salinity on the interaction rates are examined, and the importance of whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions on particle agglomeration and settling behavior are discussed. Whole-oil droplet/SPM interactions are retarded as oil droplet dispersion into the water column is inhibited by oil viscosity increases due to evaporation weathering and water-in-oil emulsification. Compared to whole oil droplet/SPM interactions, dissolved-component/SPM adsorption is not as significant for transport of individual components to sediments. The information presented in this paper can be used to augment computer-based models designed to predict oil-spill trajectories, oil-weathering behavior, and spilled oil impacts to the marine environment. 相似文献
122.
铁合金电炉烟尘治理技术分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在分析了半封闭铁合金电炉产生的烟气、烟尘的特性和各种除尘设备性能的基础上,提出了净化铁合金电炉烟尘的三种技术:袋式除尘、强化湿式除尘和文丘里除尘器。并对袋式除尘工艺和Calvert洗涤器除尘工艺作了介绍,分析了它们的经济技术指标。半封闭铁合金电炉烟尘只能采用布袋除尘器净化,只有那些建在环境空气质量三类区的铁合金电炉,当资金非常紧缺时,才可采用Cavlert洗涤器除尘。 相似文献
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Jiang Xue-Gong Shen Jian-Guo Liu Jing-Tao Chung Yong-Seung 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(2):191-212
By using observational data and MM5, an observational analysisand numerical study was conducted on the synoptic condition of a severe dust storm that was caused by a Mongolian cyclone whichoccurred from 6 to 8 April 2001. Results illustrated thatthe cyclogenesis was due to the isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) advection in the upper troposphere and the terrain modifiedbaroclinicity in the mid-lower troposphere. The Altai-Sayan complex of mountains blocked the lower level cold air and made the isentropic surface sharply steep. When the air slid down along the isentropic surface the increasing of baroclinicity anddecreasing of stability blew up the vertical vorticity development.The formation of the dust storm was a result of a cyclonic cold front passing across the area. The occurrence of this dust stormwas closely related to the strong surface wind, which was accompanied by a cold front passing, rather than the cyclogenesis, itself. Hence, the reason for the pre-front dust storm formulation was the formation of heating convection. Reasons behind the formation of a black storm (visibilitylower than 50 m), which occurred in the mid-north part ofInner Mongolia, lay in several aspects. Firstly, in thisarea the surface wind was strong, a direct result of thedownward transport in mid-lower troposphere. Secondly,the cold front passed over the effected area near sunsetso the air obtained much more surface heating to form adeeper mixed layer (ML). Thirdly, cooperation between thelower level wind and the terrain made the atmosphere inthis area and acquired the maximum advective contributionnecessary to form a deep post-front ML. The sensitivityexperiment revealed that surface heat flux was important to the frontal lifting. In addition, the forcing of surface heating wasalso seen as the primary forcing mechanism of frontogenesis. Meanwhile, removal of the surface heat flux made the atmosphericstratification became stable and the pre-storm ML very shallow,which weakened the strength of the dust storm. 相似文献
126.
多目标灰色关联度决策模型分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张玉青 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2003,13(4):60-63
本文针对多目标决策的复杂性,运用灰色系统分析方法和物元分析理论,建立了决策方案的评价体系并对评价指标进行规范化处理。以决策方案的灰色关联度作为评判准则,建立了一种目标灰色关联度决策模型。 相似文献
127.
西北地区沙尘暴引发的荒漠化问题 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
从西北地区继1993~1995年连续3a出现沙尘暴之后,1996年甘肃和内蒙古西部的阿盟等地再次遭到沙尘暴的袭击入手,分析了沙尘暴发生的原因,指出它归根结底是荒漠化的直接后果。概述了荒漠化的状况及危害,并分析了其成因。 相似文献
128.
侯祺棕 《中国安全科学学报》1996,6(3):1-5
矿山呼吸性粉尘危害程度评价法研究侯祺棕(武汉工业大学资源与环境工程系)[摘要]通过对矿山呼吸性粉尘实际危害程度评价法的研究,并经实例检验,推荐两种具有可操作性和足够准确的评价法,这对矿山呼吸性粉尘监测新技术的推广具有重要意义。[关键词]呼吸性粉尘,危... 相似文献
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煤炭筛分系统在工作时产生的大量煤尘对环境造成污染,为解决这一问题,我们设计安装了两套煤炭筛分除尘系统,通过布袋式除尘器,把煤尘用布袋收集起来,解决了煤炭粉尘污染问题,通过三年的使用观察,效果非常明显。 相似文献