半敞开烟气排放的测试方法的研究

综合分析了除尘系统进入的烟尘量、排放方式、排放浓度等5个参数及其相互关系,根据在一定时间内进入除尘系统烟气烟尘的量;对除尘器进口和出口即百叶窗内各方向烟尘浓度的测试,利用物料平衡方程,确定百叶窗内各测点各方向测定的烟气烟尘浓度,确定半敞开排放烟气烟尘的排放浓度,笔者发现,外排烟尘浓度与百叶窗内侧向烟尘浓度具有良好的线性关系,百叶窗内侧向测定烟尘浓度能够反映半敞开烟气排放浓度。据此,提出以半敞开方式排放烟气烟尘的除尘系统烟气烟尘浓度测试方法,即侧向间接测试法。     

抽出式通风煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度分布规律的数值模拟

根据气固两相流理论，针对矿井掘进工作面的特点，采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）对掘进工作面通风过程中粉尘浓度进行数值模拟，总结抽出式通风掘进巷道中粉尘浓度的沿程分布及变化规律。     

管帏冲击式除尘器的应用

介绍了管帏冲击式除尘器的结构及其捕尘机理。介绍了对该除尘器进行除尘和防淋雨性能测试的实验方法和装置。分析了实验数据，得出了相应的结论。     

除湿机的冷凝水化学成分与空气环境质量的关系

本文采用家用除湿机作为空气水溶性物质采样器方法，并验证了该方法作为空气水溶性物质采样嚣的可行性。本文通过空气冷凝水化学成分与空气总悬浮微粒(TSP)可溶性化学成分的对比，得到水汽中大部分阴阳离子的含量只比TSP低1个数量级，而水汽中的微量元素含量与各种碳的浓度不都比TSP低，TSP中一般检测不出亚硝酸根，而水汽中则检出大量亚硝酸根。     

NITROGEN AND ORGANIC MATTER LOSSES IN NO‐TILL CORN CROPPING SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: Intensive cropping systems based on mechanical movement of soil have induced land degradation in most agricultural areas due to soil erosion and soil fertility losses. Thus, farmers have been increasing fertilization rates to maintain an economically competitive crop yield. This practice has resulted in water quality degradation and lake eutrophication in many agricultural watersheds. Research was conducted in the Patzcuaro watershed in central Mexico to develop appropriate technology that prevents nonpoint source pollution from fertilizers. Organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) losses in runoff and nitrate (NO₃‐N) percolation in Andisols with corn under conventional till (CT) and no‐till (NT) treatments using variable percentages of crop residue as soil cover were investigated for steep‐slope agriculture. USLE type runoff plots were used to collect water runoff, while suction tubes with porous caps at 30, 60, and 90 cm depth were used to sample soil water solutes for NO₃‐N analyses. Results indicated a significant reduction of N and OM losses in runoff as residue cover increased in the NT treatments. Inorganic N in runoff was 25 kg/ha for NT without residue cover (NT‐0) and 6 kg/ha for the NT with 100 percent residue cover (NT‐100). Organic matter losses in runoff were 157 and 24 kg/ha for the NT‐0 and NT‐100 treatments, respectively. Nitrate‐N percolation was evident in CT and NT with 100 percent residue cover (NT‐100). However, NT‐100 had higher NO₃‐N concentration at the root zone, suggesting the possibility of reducing fertilization rates with the use of NT treatments.     

长袋低压脉冲除尘器的创新与发展

依靠科技进步，应用多项专利技术，研制与开发的LFDM型长袋低压脉冲除尘器，成功应用于冶金、有色、建材、电力、机械和矿业等行业的工业气体除尘与净化；具有明显的达标排放和占地小、阻力低、投资省、运行费用少等特点。     

极性基湿润剂与矿岩类粉尘颗粒的作用机理

根据矿岩类粉尘微颗粒的表面性质和极性基湿润剂的特性，应用分子热力学和表面物理化学理论探讨了湿润型抑尘剂与矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用机理。矿岩类粉尘吸附水的本质是由于它们之间的相互吸引作用，是分子之间的短程相互作用力和长程作用力共同作用的结果。当矿岩类粉尘与水相碰撞时，只有当吸引力大于排斥力时，水分子才能牯附于矿岩类粉尘，表面张力和体系自由能足够小时，水才能湿润矿岩类粉尘。分析了湿润剂对水和矿岩类粉尘的表面改性的原理，它增加水和矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用力，减小了界面表面张力和体系自由能，使矿岩粉尘被水湿润能自由地进行。     

茶粕有机肥的开发与利用

论述了生物有机肥在发展农业生产中的重要地位,以及生产中存在着的大量使用集约化畜禽养殖场的畜禽粪对土壤、水体等环境质量和农产品质量安全产生严重影响的问题,提出以茶粕作为原料生产有机肥具有生产过程相对安全、克服有机肥二次污染的优点.此外,茶叶次生代谢物茶多酚、茶色素、茶皂素和茶皂甙等具有抗氧化、清除自由基、络合金属离子、调节植物生长和生物防虫、灭虫等独特生理功效,将极大地提高茶粕有机肥的生物有效性,显示出其广阔的应用前景.     

Discriminate Analysis for Dust Storm Prediction in the Gobi and Steppe Regions in Mongolia

A discriminate analysis method for probability forecast of dust storms in Mongolia has been developed. The prediction method uses data recorded at 23 meteorological stations in the Gobi and steppe regions of Mongolia, including surface air pressure and geo-potential height at the 500-hPa level on grid points, and weather maps from 1975 to 1990. Weather elements such as air temperature, pressure, geo-potential height etc, which influence the formation of dust storms, are prepared as predictors. To select the most informative/important predictors (variables), we used a mean correlation matrix of variables together with the Mahalonobis distance, and correlation coefficients between dust storms and predictors with an orthogonalization for removing correlated predictors. The most informative predictors for dust storm prediction are intensities of surface cyclones and migratory anticyclones, passage of cold fronts, the horizontal gradients of the surface air pressure in the cold frontal zone, cyclonic circulations from the ground surface up to the 500-hPa level, the geo-potential height at 500-hPa level and its temporal changes. Selected predictors are used in discriminate analysis for formulating dust storm prediction equations. Sandstorm data have been classified into three classes, viz., strong, moderate and weak dust storms, depending on their intensities, durations and areas covered. Predictions of the probabilities of dust storm occurrence use the prediction equations for each class. The prediction is made from 12 hours to 36 hours. Verification of the probability forecasts of dust storms is also shown. The accuracy of forecasts is 72.2–79.9% with the data used for developing equations (dependent variables), in contrast to 67.1–72.0% with unrelated data for deriving equations (independent variables).     

Analysis of Roadside Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM10) in Major Korean Cities

A data analysis of three major Korean cities was conducted to assess roadside inhalable particulate matter 10 μm or smaller in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), including temporal and meteorological variations, over a recent period of 4 to 6 years. The yearly roadside PM₁₀ concentrations presented a well-defined increasing trend or no trend depending on the roadside monitoring station. Most mean values exceeded or approximated the Korean standard of 70 μg/m³ per year for PM₁₀. A representative roadside diurnal trend was characterized by a distinct morning maximum. In most cases, the Sunday roadside concentrations were similar to or somewhat lower than the weekday concentrations, and the PM₁₀ concentrations presented a well-defined seasonal variation, with the maximum concentration in March. The monthly maximum concentrations observed in March were most likely attributable to Asian dust storms. In two metropolitan cities (Seoul and Busan), the frequency of days with roadside PM₁₀ concentrations exceeding the standard of 150μg/m³ per 24 h was much lower for the roadside monitoring stations than for the residential monitoring station, whereas in the third city (Daegu), this result was reversed. Interestingly, the average maximum concentrations observed for the roadside sites in Seoul and Busan during March were higher than those for the residential sites, suggesting that the roadside concentrations responded more to the dust storms than the residential areas. The relationship between the pollutant concentrations and five important meteorological parameters (solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) showed that the number and type of meteorological variables included in the equations varied according to the monitoring station or season. Finally, the current results confirmed that attention should be given to the PM₁₀ exposure of residents living near roadways.