基于风险的突发事件应急准备能力评估方法

建立基于风险的突发事件应急准备能力评估指标体系,为应急能力建设提供参考。主要根据《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》和我国应急管理体系＂一案三制＂的基本框架,选择反映突发事件应急准备能力的定性与定量指标,并采用简单加权求和方法分别计算其得分;根据四大类突发事件造成的人口死亡和经济损失等方面选择突发事件固有风险指标,并采用秩和比法计算相对风险水平得分;然后集成三类指标得分并作归一化处理得到反映突发事件应急准备能力的标准分。结果表明该评估指标体系能查找应急管理工作中的缺陷与脆弱性,评估方法能识别突发事件应急准备能力与突发事件固有风险降低需求之间的符合程度。该评估指标体系总体结构合理,方法可行。     

基层公安消防部队应急救援能力构成要素研究

近年来,我国公安消防部队主动拓展职能,承担了灭火之外的,以抢救人民生命为主的应急救援任务,已成为了我国常态下应急救援的主力军。本文根据新时期、新形势下应急救援工作建设的实际需要,系统的研究了应急救援能力的概念和构成要素,并从人员、装备、组织管理指挥体系和社会救援资源四个方面对基层公安消防部队的应急救援能力进行了分析,对各要素及各要素之间的关系分别进行了研究,分别提出了各要素的衡量方法,可对基层公安消防部队应急救援能力的科学评价和管理决策提供参考。     

区域地震灾害承载力评价的突变模型

为提高区域地震灾害承载力评价的准确性,基于拓扑学与系统论的基本原理,运用突变理论,构建区域地震灾害承载力评价突变模型。首先,在区域地震灾害承载力与突变理论结合分析的基础上,构建区域地震灾害承载力评价指标体系;其次,进行原始数据标准化处理;接着采用相应的突变归一公式和突变原则进行递归计算区域地震灾害承载力突变隶属值,并与评判标准比较得其地震灾害承载力等级;最后计算29个城市的地震灾害承载力,并将所得计算结果与模糊可变识别评价方法、指数评价方法所得结果进行比较。结果表明,该方法评价结果与模糊可变识别评价方法、指数评价方法的评价结果基本一致。     

沙尘暴应急监测方法研究

在沙尘暴应急监测方法研究中，通过对总悬浮颗粒物采样仪器及各种采样参数的研究确定和降尘采样器的研制，制定出沙尘暴应急监测方法。     

Screening for a new Streptomyces strain capable of e cient keratin degradation

Keratinous wastes could be degraded by some microorganisms in nature. Native human foot skin （NHFS） was used as sole nitrogen source to screen microorganisms with keratin-degrading capability. From approximately 200 strains, a strain of Streptomyces sp. strain No. 16 was found to possess the strongest keratinolytic activity, and the total activity in the culture was 110 KU/ml with specific activity of 2870 KU/mg protein （KU： keratinase unit）. Substrate specificity test indicated that the crude keratinase could degrade keratin azure, human hair, cock feathers and collagen. The optimal pH of the crude keratinase ranged from 7.5 to 10 and the temperature ranged from 40℃ to 55℃. Metal chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid obviously stimulated the keratinolytic activity but suppressed the proteolytic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on specific induction of keratinases by NHFS from an actinomycete. Moreover, excellent characteristics of its crude keratinase may lead to the potential application in waste treatment and recovery, poultry and leather industry, medicine, and cosmetic development.     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性。最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准。     

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.000 < 0.05) that of coastal wetland. As the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same, the higher soil microbial respiration (SMR) of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation capability. In the riverside wetland, the high soil microbial biomass, higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria, which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus, were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal wetland. There were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside wetlands. Path analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical factors. Therefore the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms, especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria, which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.     

黑龙江甘南县大气降尘重金属元素沉降通量及来源分析

从2009年3月到2010年3月,采用被动式同时采集了黑龙江甘南县17个点的大气降尘样品,分析了Cd、Hg、Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb、As、Cu、Zn九种元素的含量,对重金属元素沉降通量进行了计算和分析,并利用富集因子分析和相关性分析的方法对元素来源做了解析。研究表明：降尘中重金属元素Mn的年沉降通量数据值较高,均值为7...     

泉州市大气降尘中金属元素污染特征及来源解析

测定了泉州市不同功能区大气降尘中23种金属元素的含量,采用多种方法对其富集程度、污染水平及生态风险进行评价,并用多元统计分析法结合Pb、Sr同位素示踪对污染来源进行解析.结果表明:泉州市大气降尘中不同金属含量空间分布差异较大;富集因子和地累积指数表明,Cd、Hg、Zn、Ca、Pb、Cu、Ni、Sr的富集程度及污染水平相对较高;生态风险指数显示,所有功能区的多元素综合潜在生态风险程度极高,由高到低顺序为工业区交通繁忙区商业区居住区风景区农业区;Cd和Hg的潜在生态危害程度极高,二者对综合潜在生态风险指数的贡献达95.56%.多元统计分析结果表明,V、Fe、Ba、Bi、Ni、Sr、Pb、Cs、Sc、Zn、Cd主要来源于工业污染和交通排放,Th、U、Rb、Y、Ti主要来源于土壤尘,Li、Mn、Cu、Hg、Cr、Co、Ca主要来源于燃煤.铅同位素三元混合模型计算得到降尘中铅来源主要为土壤母质(29.41%~64.00%)、燃煤尘(22.53%~60.48%)和汽车尾气(3.13%~13.47%);87Sr/86Sr和1/Sr分布图显示降尘中锶来源主要为燃煤尘和汽车尾气.     

投入产出分析在可持续发展计划中的应用

如何在国民经济发展计划中体现资源环境因素的影响?如何用现实可行的方法制定出符合可持续发展要求的国民经济发展计划?是目前环境经济领域急待解决的问题。本文从物质平衡的角度,探讨可持续经济发展计划的研究方法。