典型电子垃圾拆解区大气中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的季节变化特征

电子垃圾污染问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注。研究了一典型电子垃圾拆解区及其上下风向大气中PBDEs的季节变化特征。结果表明,夏季电子垃圾拆解区大气中∑17BDEs总浓度为9930pg·m-3,冬季∑20BDEs的总浓度高达41476pg·m-3;和夏季相比,冬季五溴-联苯醚的百分比降低了16.7%,而十溴-联苯醚升高了10.2%,但是,其组成仍然是五溴-联苯醚为主,十溴-联苯醚次之,八溴-联苯醚最少。上下风向地区大气中PBDEs浓度及其组成成分由于受到电子垃圾拆解、本地生产方式和季节变化的影响也表现出相应的变化形式。     

生产者责任延伸制与电子废弃物管理——环境法规

日益增加的固体废弃物和工业废弃物已成为主要的社会问题。回收服务相对来说还很不足,导致很多废弃物只能进行简单的填埋、焚烧处理。这将导致严重的环境污染。借鉴国外一些发达国家废物管理领域的政策趋势,我国近年来出台了一系列关于电子废弃物管理的政策法规,但也暴露出正规的废物处理企业无法取得规模收益,入不敷出,电子废弃物处理基金的征收及补贴对象不明确等诸多问题。引入生产者责任延伸制将外部影响内部化,在理念和功能等方面适应了电子废弃物管理的需要。     

Towards a Paradigmatic Shift in Sustainability Studies: A Systematic Review of Peer Reviewed Literature and Future Agenda Setting to Consider Environmental (Un)sustainability of Digital Communication

The materiality of digital communication inflicts substantial environmental damage: the extraction of resources needed to produce digital devices; the toxicity of e-waste; and the rapidly increasing energy demands required to sustain data generated by digital communication. This damage, however, is paradoxically under-theorized in scholarship on environmental sustainability. Despite the existing critique of the “techno-fix” approach in sustainability studies, digitization – and digital communication in particular – continue to be celebrated as the tool for environmental sustainability; an approach we coin “digital solutionism.” The article presents the first systematic review of the literature to map the implicit assumptions about the relationships between digital communications and environmental sustainability, in order to examine how digital solutionism manifests, and why it persists. We propose a concept matrix that identifies the key blind spots with regards to environmental damages of the digital, and call for a paradigmatic shift in environmental sustainability studies. An agenda for future research is put forward that advocates for the following: (1) a systematic account of material damages of devices, platforms and data systems adopted into sustainability research and practice, resulting in changes in both research framing and methodological foundations; (2) a reconceptualization and denaturalization of the digital itself as a promising solution; (3) a theoretical dialogue between sustainability studies and environmental communication. (4) an expansion of environmental communication as a field, from focusing on the communication aspect of environmental change to include the environmental footprint of communication itself.     

Environmental injustice of informal e-waste recycling in Agbogbloshie-Accra: urban political ecology perspective

This paper provides additional empirical knowledge of injustice embedded in the urban governance of informal-sector electronic waste (e-waste) recycling in Ghana. It uses Urban Political Ecology and Environmental Justice perspectives to explain how divergent interest and power among diverse actors in the e-waste sector engender social and environmental (in)justice in Accra. Using the case study approach, this paper reveals that the persistent struggles over interest and power which characterise the governance and management of informal e-waste recycling generate inequity, false accusations, misrecognition, disrespect, devaluation, neglect, exclusion, and abuse of freedom and rights. Inclusive of the finding is the development of local resistance and social movement in defence of interests and against state aggression, oppression, domination and neglect. The study concludes to suggest that the governance of urban socio-economic and ecological space of Accra should involve coordination, participation, holistic inclusion of diverse interest, so as to minimise trade-offs and reap synergies.     

纳米羟基磷灰石对电子垃圾拆解地农田土壤Pb生物可利用性的影响

为了研究钝化剂对电子垃圾拆解地农田土壤中重金属Pb生物可利用性的影响,采用盆栽试验,在种植油菜和白菜的土壤中加入不同质量比的纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HAP),研究Pb形态、油菜和白菜生物量、油菜和白菜中Pb的累积量,评价纳米羟基磷灰石对Pb生物可利用性的影响.结果表明,加入5 g/kg、10 g/kg、15 g/kg、20 g/kg和25 g/kg纳米羟基磷灰石后,油菜和白菜生物量增加,且油菜生物量大于白菜生物量;油菜内Pb累积量小于白菜内Pb累积量;土壤中残渣态Pb质量比增加,可交换态Pb质量比减少,有效态Pb质量比与Pb生物可利用性显著降低(p＜0.05),与对照组相比,种植油菜和白菜土壤中Pb的生物可利用性分别降低了25.53％～82.77％和45.79％～71.68％.当纳米羟基磷灰石质量比为20g/kg时,油菜和白菜生物量较大,而且对Pb的累积量最低,种植油菜和白菜土壤中Pb的生物可利用性分别降低了81.84％和70.89％.研究表明,纳米羟基磷灰石的适宜投加量为20g/kg,而油菜为理想植物.     

Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and technology options

The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste).Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place.In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems.     

电子环保循环经济方案分析

根据我国电子废物回收处理的现状,分析存在的问题,并提出相关对策。通过对北京海淀区“电子环保.循环经济”方案,从管理和技术的角度突出了政府推动和市场拉动相结合的方法在建立完善电子废物回收处理链及逐步构建完整IT产业链的重要作用,其思路和做法具有推广价值。     

典型区域土壤中PCB-11的污染特征

利用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱法研究了土壤中PCB-11（3,3＇-二氯联苯,CAS 2050-67-1）的污染特征和分布规律,探讨了土壤中PCB-11的污染来源.结果表明,我国一般城市地区（天津、鞍山）和电子垃圾拆解地周边土壤中PCB-11的检出率为100%,PCB-11可能广泛存在于土壤介质中.天津、鞍山、电子垃圾...     

西北某电子垃圾拆解厂室内外重金属污染特征及暴露风险

本研究利用ICP-OES对西北干旱区某规模化电子垃圾拆解厂拆解车间内外空气不同粒径的颗粒物(PM_1. 0、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))及上风向对照点PM_(2.5)中的6种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn)的浓度进行了分析测定,基于该数据对拆解车间内外颗粒物中重金属污染浓度水平、粒径分布特征、职业暴露风险以及呼吸系统沉积特征进行了研究.结果表明,拆解车间内外颗粒物中重金属Zn(室内4 890 ng·m~(-3),室外1 245 ng·m~(-3))、Pb(室内1 201 ng·m~(-3),室外240 ng·m~(-3))、Cu(室内1 200ng·m~(-3),室外110 ng·m~(-3))均表现出较高的污染水平,且室内浓度远高于室外数倍,表明拆解活动是造成室内空气较高浓度重金属的主要原因,室内外空气环境污染特征与电子垃圾拆解种类密切相关.粒径分布特征为:车间内空气环境中重金属主要吸附于PM_(2.5)中,车间外主要是赋存于PM_(10)中.职业暴露风险评估显示:Cr的非致癌与致癌风险最高;拆解厂车间室内外6种重金属总非致癌危害指数为1. 62×10~(-3)和3. 60×10~(-4),远低于U. S. EPA规定的限定值(1. 0);车间室内外致癌总风险值为2. 69×10~(-7)和2. 59×10~(-9),小于可接受范围(1×10~(-6)),表明由重金属所导致的职业健康风险相对较小;评估结果表明按国家环保要求规模化建厂的电子垃圾拆解厂空气环境颗粒物中重金属对公共健康造成的风险处于相对安全的水平.颗粒态重金属在人体呼吸系统的不同器官的沉积特征表现为粒径越小,在呼吸系统的深处的沉积百分占比越大,建议企业应针对细颗粒物给职业工人造成的呼吸健康风险采取相应的减排对策.     

瑞士电子废物法规和技术标准研究

通过对瑞士电子废物管理法规和标准的研究,总结瑞士电子废物的立法及管理特点,结合我国国情,提出我国电子废物立法的建议。