三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系

通过分析三峡小江回水区2007年5月～2008年4月115个样品叶绿素a的季节特点,提出了适用于表征小江回水区叶绿素a与不同藻类细胞密度和生物量的3种状态：Chla≤5 μg·L^-1、5 μg·L^-1-1和Chla>19 μg·L^-1,目的是探讨小江回水区不同水平下Chla与同期各主要藻类细胞密度和生物量的相互关系,为进一步了解三峡水库特定水域藻类季节演替特征提供参考. 全年数据下,小江回水区藻类总细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素a间均呈极显著的正相关关系（R>>0.70,Sig.≤0.01）. 研究期间小江回水区叶绿素a、绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻、甲藻生物量均值分别为(9.58±10.77)、(1605±647)、(707±124)、(511±266)和(4019±1345) μg·L^-1. Chla≤5 μg·L^-1的水平下,绿藻、硅藻与Chla浓度呈显著正相关;5 μg·L^-1-1水平下,仅有蓝藻与Chla含量呈显著正相关关系;Chla>19 μg·L^-1时,甲藻与Chla含量呈显著的正相关关系,但其它藻门与Chla含量无显著相关关系.     

Investigation on the Degradation of Natural Heritage of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring at Dunhuang City, China

The main purpose of this study is to put forward a reasonable idea of the general protection for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring, a rare and unique desert wonder, and of sustainable tourism development based on the research on the ecological environment around. Methods of documentation, case study and comparison were employed. Finally, aiming at solving the problems of natural environment and those existing after the exploitation of Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring the author puts forward three measures： the comprehensive treatment for Crescent Moon Spring （broadening resources of water and reducing expenditures, checking the decreasing depth of Crescent Moon Spring, and improving the geographical environment）, the general protection envisions for Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Moon Spring and establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning system of regional ecosystem.     

地表水浮游植物叶绿素a测定方法比较研究

比较了浮游植物叶绿素a测定方法中的丙酮萃取法和热乙醇萃取法.结果表明,应用反复冻融植物细胞的丙酮萃取法对地表水中浮游植物叶绿素a的萃取率显著高于其他方法,且重复测定的精密度较高.     

测定生产力中“叶绿素a”的方法探讨

对测定生产力中“叶绿素a”的方法进行了探讨与改进 ,并进行了方法的验证。本方法的精密度范围为 6 1 %～8 4% ,实验证明 ,本方法具有简单、快速、准确等特点。     

The complex relationship between personal sense of connection to animals and self‐reported proenvironmental behaviors by zoo visitors

The global biodiversity crisis requires an engaged citizenry that provides collective support for public policies and recognizes the consequences of personal consumption decisions. Understanding the factors that affect personal engagement in proenvironmental behaviors is essential for the development of actionable conservation solutions. Zoos and aquariums may be some of the only places where many people can explore their relations with wild animals and proenvironmental behaviors. Using a moderated‐mediation analysis of a survey of U.S. zoo and aquarium visitors (n = 3588), we explored the relationship between the sense of connection to animals and self‐reported engagement in proenvironmental behaviors related to climate change and how this relationship is affected by certainty that climate change is happening, level of concern about climate change, and perceptions of effectiveness in personally addressing climate change. We found a significant, directional relationship between sense of connection to animals and self‐reported proenvironmental behaviors. Political inclination within the conservative to liberal spectrum did not affect the relationship. We conclude that a personal sense of connection to animals may provide a foundation for educational and communication strategies to enhance involvement in proenvironmental actions.     

石莼、铁钉菜和蜈蚣藻对氮源利用的研究

选择三种大型海藻石莼(Ulva lactuca)、铁钉菜(Ishige foliaceaokamurai)、蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia filicina)作为试验材料,设置对照组、ΝO3-Ν(80、160μmol/L)组和ΝH4-Ν(80、160μmol/L)组,研究不同的Ν源对三种大型海藻生长和Ν吸收速率的影响。设置四个温度梯度(5℃、15℃、25℃、30℃)和三个光照梯度(600 lx、1 200 lx、1 800 lx、2 400 lx),研究温度和光照对三种大型海藻Ν吸收速率的影响。试验结果表明:石莼、铁钉菜、蜈蚣藻对两种Ν源ΝO3-Ν、ΝH4-Ν均有不同的反应。三种大型海藻均表现出优先利用ΝO3-Ν的趋势。石莼在ΝO3-Ν和ΝH4-Ν组中均表现出最高的生长和吸收能力。蜈蚣藻在ΝO3-Ν组中表现出比铁钉菜相对高的生长和吸收能力;铁钉菜在ΝH4-Ν组中表现出比蜈蚣藻相对高的生长和吸收能力。温度和光照条件对三种大型海藻ΝO3-Ν和ΝH4-Ν的吸收都有一定的影响。就温度而言,三种海藻对ΝO3-Ν的吸收趋势相似,即15℃时吸收速率最高;对ΝH4-Ν的吸收趋势相似,即5℃时吸收速率最高。就光照而言,三种海藻ΝO3-Ν的吸收趋势相似,即2 400 lx时的吸收速率最高;ΝH4-Ν的吸收趋势相似,即1 200 lx时的吸收速率最高。     

拱形支架在煤矿巷道中的应用研究

针对目前一些高压力和不宜采用锚杆支护的巷道,为适应其支护的要求,研制开发了拱形支架。对于巷道支护,其着眼点应放在充分利用和发挥岩层的自承能力上。对本文的拱形支架支护,根据力法原理,采用曲梁模型进行了支架系统的力学分析,得出其最大承载能力;通过与直梁支架承载能力相比较,得到了拱形支架承载能力系数与支架半径和巷道跨度的影响关系。同时为了使巷道断面更为合理,对支架构件轮廓曲线进行了优化,以使支架构件的内力和变形最为合理。结果证明：拱形支架承载能力比直梁梯形支架的承载能力有大幅度提高,其半径和跨度直接影响着承载能力,从而有效解决了软岩巷道难以支护的问题。另外,从合理拱轴线的角度,得出在均布等压的巷道中,选用圆弧形支架构件进行支护,能最大程度地发挥支架的力学性能。     

Sea-water seasonal changes at a heavy tourism investment site on the Jordanian northern coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

The Gulf of Aqaba exhibits a strong seasonality due to convective mixing during winter and stratification during summer. The present study provides a detailed appraisal of summer and winter sea-water characteristics at the northern coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, that is witnessing rapid development and increasing changes in its geomorphological characteristics. Sea-water temperature, salinity, nutrients, and chlorophyll a concentrations were measured biweekly at five coastal and four cross-sectional stations during the periods February to April and July to September 2004. Meteorological conditions were continuously recorded at the Marine Science Station. The coastal study sites included four open coastal stations and a marina with one-way exchange with the open water. The effect of convective mixing was clearly apparent on the sea-water characteristics. Natural seasonal characteristics of higher nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations were recorded during winter at most of the open coastal stations. In the cross-sectional stations, the concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a were not different between the surface and the bottom during winter, but the bottom waters had generally higher concentrations during summer. Some deviations from the natural seasonal cycle were recorded at the marina and other coastal stations. Here, higher nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were recorded in summer than in winter. These deviations that are most likely due to anthropogenic effects are discussed.     

火电厂烟塔合一和烟囱排放大气环境影响比较——以宝鸡第二发电厂为例

以宝鸡第二发电厂间接空冷机组为例,分别采用德国AUSTAL2000大气预测模式与美国AERMOD大气预测模式,对烟塔合一和烟囱两种排放方式的大气环境影响进行分析预测,并分析了地形因素对预测结果的影响。通过对比分析得知,烟塔合一排放的地面浓度分布较分散,而烟囱排放造成的地面浓度分布较集中。考虑地形影响时采用AUSTAL2000计算的烟塔合一地面浓度比AERMOD计算的烟囱小,不考虑地形时则反之。     

苯并[a]芘厌氧降解的苯酚共基质协同作用与污泥微生物特性

苯并[a]芘(Ba P)是焦化废水中PAHs的典型代表,也是行业优先控制的污染物,其微生物响应特性以及降解的促进方法值得研究;新建焦化废水处理工程的调试运行,接种的污泥多来源于市政污泥或其他焦化厂的污泥,目前缺乏不同污泥微生物特性、有效性及其影响条件的考察.针对上述观点,选用厌氧反应器,分别采集某焦化废水处理厂以及市政污水处理厂的厌氧活性污泥,研究比较市政污泥和焦化污泥对Ba P的耐受及降解能力,以10 mg·L~(-1)的Ba P为唯一碳源及添加苯酚作为共基质,进行Ba P的微生物降解与动力学实验,用高通量测序技术分析了两种污泥在降解实验前后的微生物群落结构,阐明其变化.研究结果表明:两种污泥都能降解Ba P,苯酚共基质促进了降解效果;市政污泥的降解效率要好于焦化污泥,以Ba P为唯一碳源时,市政污泥和焦化污泥的半衰期分别为116.3 d、155.41 d,加入苯酚后,半衰期分别为38.44 d、81.25 d;群落测序分析表明,两种污泥经Ba P驯化后,群落组成都发生了较大变化,市政污泥变化远大于焦化污泥;焦化污泥经Ba P驯化后,微生物的优势菌属和驯化前差别不大,且其优势菌属都是已经报道的能够降解PAHs的菌属;市政污泥经过同样的驯化以后,微生物的优势菌属和驯化前差别较大,丰度占比最大的并不是常见的PAHs降解菌类;作为PAHs的常见降解菌属,Bacillus sp.、Pseudomonas、Achromobacter以及Sphingomonas sp.在两种污泥中均能被鉴定出来,其百分含量比较靠前.综合研究结果认为,未经过焦化废水毒性抑制的市政污泥在对Ba P的利用上更活跃,被理解为是更多种类的微生物参与到了对污染物的降解;苯酚的存在会促进Ba P等PAHs的降解,获得的启示是富集了PAHs的焦化污泥排出系统后可以通过生活污水与苯酚的共同添加实现减量化处理.