川东平行岭谷区土地利用变化时空分异特征

川东平行岭谷地区生态地位十分重要,研究其土地利用变化及其影响因素具有重要的意义。利用1986、2000和2007年的Landsat TM影像,辅以10 m分辨率的SPOT影像和野外调查,结合土地利用程度、土地利用效应指数探讨了平行岭谷地区土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局和变化轨迹及其相应的生态效应。结果表明,研究区土地利用格局受地形空间分异明显控制;1986~2007年,土地利用变化总体特征是建设用地、水体增加,耕地减少,耕地 耕地 建设用地变化迹线占1986~2007年建设用地变化量的6647%,建设用地的增加主要以2000年后的耕地转入为主;邻近主城所在地的岭谷条带土地利用程度指数增加快于相隔较远的其它各区;总的说来,土地利用效应的增加和强化大于恢复和减少。研究区土地利用变化的因素可归纳为主城区的通道效应、岭谷区交通线的节点效应和河流廊道引起的土地利用变化。进一步的研究应揭示平行岭谷地区通道驱动效应和低山阻隔效应综合作用下土地利用演变过程和景观生态多样性的维持机制,模拟通道驱动效应与生态安全双重约束下的土地利用优化格局     

燃煤烟气中CO_2脱除方法的分析与探讨

作为主要的温室气体,CO2减排问题引起全球范围的广泛关注。阐述了燃煤烟气中CO2脱除的多种方法,分析比较了CO2的吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法等的特点及各自的优缺点,侧重介绍了有机胺和氨水脱除的技术进展,并介绍了氨水烟气脱碳的部分试验结果。     

海水淡化技术及其应用

海水淡化技术是指利用海水脱盐生产淡水的技术过程。目前,海水淡化技术已是解决全球淡水资源危机的重要途径之一。介绍了几种海水淡化方法,对多级闪蒸、低温多效和反渗透三种海水淡化技术的原理、工艺、优缺点及其应用实例行了详细的阐述和比较。     

Enhancement effect of water associated with natural organic matter (NOM) on organic compound-NOM interactions: a case study with carbamazepine

Natural organic matter (NOM) in soils and sediments is recognized to strongly affect environmental distributions of organic compounds. Water associated with NOM may have a significant impact on NOM-organic compound interactions. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine the effect of hydration of a model NOM sorbent on interactions with a probe organic compound, carbamazepine (CBZ), and (2) based on the comparison with the literature data, to evaluate the effect of organic compound structure on the cooperative participation of water molecules in organic sorbate-NOM interactions. CBZ is one of the most widely reported water pollutants from the pharmaceutical and personal care products family. Therefore, CBZ sorption on Pahokee peat was compared from water and from n-hexadecane, using solubility-normalized solute concentrations. CBZ-NOM interactions were enhanced by one to two orders of magnitudes when NOM became fully hydrated. This enhancement is associated with the distinct ability of CBZ to undergo strong, specific interactions with NOM which was revealed by comparing the transfer of CBZ and another model sorbate, phenanthrene, from solution in n-hexadecane to the hydrated NOM sorbent. The enhancing effect of NOM hydration on CBZ-NOM interactions was also observed when CBZ sorption was examined on partially hydrated NOM. In comparison with a smaller-size organic sorbate such as phenol, CBZ needs more NOM-associated water in order to demonstrate the strengthening of interactions with NOM. Therefore, for penetration of the larger sorbate molecules into the NOM interior, a greater number of water molecules are needed to compensate for the local NOM disintegration thus suggesting the greater extent of the cooperativity in an involvement of water molecules in the CBZ-NOM interactions.     

营区雨水集蓄利用效果评价模糊数学模型

本文以研究营区内雨水集蓄利用效果为目的。分析雨水集蓄利用不同方法,通过建立合理模糊数学模型,对各种雨水集蓄利用方法进行权重比较,得出最优结果。并将该模型用在营区雨水集蓄利用效果的评价分析,通过运算结果确定营区内雨水利用效果的优、良、中、差。通过运用模糊数学模型对营区内雨水集蓄利用方法进行分析,综合评价营区内雨水集蓄利用结果为良好。     

不同混凝剂在水厂原水处理中的混凝效果比较

针对水厂原水水质情况,对4种不同混凝剂的污染物去除效果进行了试验对比,研究不同混凝剂用于水厂原水处理的混凝效果．为优化后续工艺提供依据。     

“限塑令”政策实施效应与对策研究

分析了"限塑令"的政策安排、实施效果,以及"限塑令"的实行对塑料袋生产、销售、使用相关各方的影响,讨论了政策执行中存在的政策实施目的偏差、缺乏配套政策、回收利用产业发展缓慢、垃圾袋和替代品不环保等问题,提出了保证"限塑令"政策有效实施的对策建议,即应依照少用、回收、替代、降解的原则对待塑料袋的使用。     

声屏障在化工行业的应用

化工行业噪声源多,声级高,防火、防爆、防腐、防风险等要求特别严格。采用常规噪声控制措施受到许多限制,而采用隔声吸声屏障降噪有一定效果。本文以上海几个化工企业为例,论述了隔声吸声屏障的设计、应用及效果。     

药食保健野菜——苋菜的开发利用

苋菜是一种具有较高利用价值的药食两用蔬菜,对其进行开发利用已成为国内外医疗保健、食品、化工领域的研究热点。介绍了苋菜的识别特征、固有营养价值、保健作用、微量元素与食疗原理,提出了苋菜资源的开发利用方向。     

Hydrological regime and salinity alter the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in wetlands

In the context of the European Water Framework Directive, controlled flooding of lowlands is considered as a potential water management strategy to minimise the risk of flooding of inhabited areas. However, due to historical pollution and overbank sedimentation, metal levels are elevated in most wetlands, which can cause adverse effects on the ecosystem's dynamics. Additionally, salinity affects the bioavailability of metals present or imported into these systems. The effect of different flooding regimes and salinity exposure scenarios (fresh- and brackish water conditions) on Cu and Zn accumulation in the oligochaete Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) was examined. Metal mobility was closely linked to redox potential, which is directly related to the prevalent hydrological regime. Flooded, and thus more reduced, conditions minimized the availability of metals, while oxidation of the substrates during a drier period was associated with a rapid increase of metal availability and accumulation in the oligochaetes.