大学生旅游者环境素养调查及环境教育研究

环境素养是关于环境知识和技能、情感和价值观以及行为的综合,对大学生旅游者环境素养的调查是实施环境教育的重要基础。以南京林业大学为研究对象,以配额抽样法探讨大学生旅游者学科专业、性别因素对环境素养水平的影响,研究发现当代大学生旅游者具有较好的环境意识和态度,具备锻炼成长为严格的生态旅游者的潜质,对旅游环境和生态知识的渴求和认知程度对整体环境素养水平有较大影响,然而也存在着知行脱节、环境行为滞后于环境意识的现象。应结合高校各学科教学与环境道德教育工作,合理设置相关课程,开展旅游环保实践活动,创建绿色校园,营造提升大学生旅游者环境素养的整体氛围。     

我国大学生旅游者环境意识与行为特征研究

作为潜在的生态旅游者群体,大学生对环境问题的认识、态度及其行为倾向对于旅游地生态环境的可持续发展至关重要。文章以南京林业大学为研究对象,通过问卷调查,以配额抽样法探讨大学生旅游者学科专业、性别因素对环境意识的影响,了解环境心理与行为特征,并与国内生态旅游景区旅游者进行对比,研究发现当代大学生旅游者表现出较好的环境态度和倾向,行为意愿上显示出"绿色"的特征,同时专业课程学习以及实践经历能够增强环境认知和情感,对旅游环境与生态知识的渴求和认知程度对整体环境意识水平有较大影响,然而大学生旅游者的环境意识多来源于理论,存在着知行脱节,环境行为滞后于环境情感、意志。应将旅游环境教育与各学科教学结合起来,开展培养环境责任和环保能力的旅游实践活动,加强大学校园环境及文化建设,积极培育大学生旅游环境意识及管理旅游环境行为。     

重大事件对入境游客旅游动机的影响——北京奥运会的案例研究

以2008年北京奥运会为例,通过入境游客行为调查分析奥运会举办对入境游客旅游动机的影响。结果表明,影响入境游客旅游动机的因素主要有限制性因子、社会心理因子和文化教育因子,其中社会心理因子和文化教育因子与北京奥运会显著相关;入境游客的年龄、学历和家庭结构与奥运会举办呈现负相关;游客的年龄、学历、年收入和家庭结构等变量受奥运会影响显著,提出了相应的营销策略。     

Teaching older drivers to navigate GPS technology

Background and objectives: New technologies are being implemented in motor vehicles. One key technology is the electronic navigation system (ENS) that assists the driver in wayfinding, or actually guides the vehicle in higher level automation vehicles. It is unclear how older adults interact with ENSs and the best approach to train older adults to use the devices. The objectives of this study were to explore how older drivers interacted with an ENS while driving on live roadways and how various training approaches impacted older drivers’ ability to accurately enter destinations into the ENS. Research design and methods: In Experiment 1, 80 older drivers navigated unfamiliar routes using an ENS or paper directions and completed a series of ENS destination entry tasks. In Experiment 2, 60 older drivers completed one of three training conditions (ENS video only, ENS video with hands-on training, placebo) to examine the impacts of training on destination entry performance. Results and discussion: Driving performance was aided by the use of the ENS, but many older drivers had difficulty entering destinations into the device (Experiment 1). The combined video with hands-on ENS training resulted in the best overall destination entry performance (Experiment 2). Practical applications: The results suggest older drivers may experience problems entering destinations into ENSs, but training can improve performance. These performance issues may be especially important as more vehicle features require interaction with computer systems to select destinations or other automation related features. Further research is needed to determine how to prepare the next generation of older drivers who will interact with technologies aimed at increasing mobility.     

古都城市入境旅游推—拉力因素实证研究——以南京市为例

以南京市为例,在旅游市场调查的基础上,通过推-拉力因素单要素评价模型,定量研究了古都类城市入境游客的旅游动机,并通过对不同群体游客推-拉力因素的差异分析,进一步指出了旅游动机的不同因素在不同群体中的影响程度,可为古都类城市入境旅游市场拓展提供科学依据.     

老年人旅游消费与影响因素关联度分析——基于京津冀地区2006-2013年面板数据

我国现阶段65岁以上老年人享有较好的社会保障体系,具有一定的物质基础和精神需求,对出行旅游具有强烈的欲望.在我国人口老龄化趋势逐渐加重的驱使下,刺激老年人出行旅游能够极大的促进消费,带动内需增长.为了科学制定拉动老年人旅游的政策措施,本文从《中国统计年鉴》(2006-2013年)中选取65岁以上人口比、老年抚养比、城镇人口比重、城镇基本养老保险基金支出、文盲人口占15岁及以上人口、接受高等教育人数、以及地区最终消费支出作为主要的比较指标;从《中国旅游统计年鉴》(2006-2013年)中选取65岁以上旅游人数比与65岁以上人口旅游消费支出作为主要参考指标,分别对相关数据进行了灰色关联分析.分析结果显示,选取的比较指标与参考指标之间呈现了中等以上强度的关联性,关联度均在0.6以上,65岁以上人口、老年抚养比、城镇人口比重相对2个参考指标关联度最强,城镇人口数量与受教育情况业是影响65岁以上旅游人数的重要因素,分析结论可以作为国家和地方政府在制定养老产业相关政策时的重要参考.本研究的最后,提出了完善社会福利保障体系和旅游业法律法规,提高养老保险水平,保障老年人旅游市场安全及制定差异化价格战略等措施.     

Assessing the relationship between global warming and mortality: lag effects of temperature fluctuations by age and mortality categories

Although interests in assessing the relationship between temperature and mortality have arisen due to climate change, relatively few data are available on lag structure of temperature-mortality relationship, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. This study identified the lag effects of mean temperature on mortality among age groups and death categories using polynomial distributed lag models in Brisbane, Australia, a subtropical city, 1996-2004. For a 1 °C increase above the threshold, the highest percent increase in mortality on the current day occurred among people over 85 years (7.2% (95% CI: 4.3%, 10.2%)). The effect estimates among cardiovascular deaths were higher than those among all-cause mortality. For a 1 °C decrease below the threshold, the percent increases in mortality at 21 lag days were 3.9% (95% CI: 1.9%, 6.0%) and 3.4% (95% CI: 0.9%, 6.0%) for people aged over 85 years and with cardiovascular diseases, respectively. These findings may have implications for developing intervention strategies to reduce and prevent temperature-related mortality.     

Self-reported falls and fall-related injuries among persons aged>or=65 years--United States, 2006

PROBLEM: In 2005, 15,802 persons aged>or=65 years died from fall injuries. How many older adults seek outpatient treatment for minor or moderate fall injuries is unknown. METHOD: To estimate the percentage of older adults who fell during the preceding three months, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed data from two questions about falls included in the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. RESULTS: Approximately 5.8 million (15.9%) persons aged>or=65 years reported falling at least once during the preceding three months, and 1.8 million (31.3%) of those who fell sustained an injury that resulted in a doctor visit or restricted activity for at least one day. DISCUSSION: This report presents the first national estimates of the number and proportion of persons reporting fall-related injuries associated with either doctor visits or restricted activity. SUMMARY: The prevalence of falls reinforces the need for broader use of scientifically proven fall-prevention interventions. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Falls and fall-related injuries represent an enormous burden to individuals, society, and to our health care system. Because the U.S. population is aging, this problem will increase unless we take preventive action by broadly implementing evidence-based fall prevention programs. Such programs could appreciably decrease the incidence and health care costs of fall injuries, as well as greatly improve the quality of life for older adults.     

岳阳楼景区周末游客构成及消费行为初探

周末是我国大多数旅游景区周期性出现的旅游小高峰期,但其研究未得到重视。在问卷调查的基础上,获得了岳阳楼景区周末游客构成的基础资料,并对游客消费行为进行了分析,就此提出岳阳楼景区经营管理的几点看法。     

入境旅游流空间转移与旅游经济联系研究——以北京向丝绸之路转移为例

旅游流和当地旅游经济发展有着重要的联系。旅游流量对增强旅游经济联系强度有极大的促进作用,而旅游经济强度增强又会带来更多的旅游转移流量。以北京入境旅游流向丝绸之路沿线省区转移为例,利用SPSS16.0统计分析软件,分析了1998—2007年北京入境旅游流向丝绸之路沿线省区转移规模和旅游经济联系强度之间的关系。结果表明,北京入境旅游流向陕西转移流量最大,其次为新疆,甘肃最小;转移客流量和旅游经济联系强度存在强相关关系;北京转移入境旅游流对丝绸之路各省旅游经济发展有促进作用,并为跨区域旅游合作研究提供理论参考。