Larval performance of the mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) on white mustard (Sinapis alba) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale) leaves in dependence of plant exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Short-term exposure to ambient or attenuated ultraviolet (UV) radiation resulted in shifts in plant metabolite concentrations of the Brassicaceae Sinapis alba and Nasturtium officinale. Leaf quality also varied between plant species and within species due to age. Larvae of the oligophagous leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae were raised on these different host leaves, in order to investigate the effects of variable plant chemistry on this herbivore. The performance of P. cochleariae was influenced by chemical differences between and within plant species but it responded with high plasticity to plants stressed by ultraviolet radiation. Body mass increase and developmental times of larvae were exclusively affected by plant species and leaf-age. However, developmental differences were fully compensated in the pupal stage. We suggest that the plasticity of herbivores may depend on the degree of specialisation, and insect performance may not necessarily be altered by stress-induced host plants.     

苍山5.2级地震前电磁辐射异常

利用枣庄电磁信息台ＤＰＪ Ⅲ、ＵＬＦ Ⅲ及ＪＤ ０３型电磁辐射仪观测到的资料，分析了山东苍山５．２级地震前多数台站记录到的异常信息及其特征。     

Studies of the effects of temperatures and solar radiation on volatilization,mineralization and binding of 14c‐DDT in soil under laboratory conditions

Abstract

The effects of temperatures and solar radiation on the dissipation of ¹⁴C‐p,p'‐DDT from a loam soil was studied by quantifying volatilization, mineralization and binding. The major DDT loss occurred by volatilization, which was 1.8 times more at 45^oC than at ambient temperature (30°C). Mineralization of DDT slowly increased with time but it decreased slightly with increase in temperature. Binding of DDT to soil was found to be less at higher temperatures (35 and 45°C) as compared to ambient temperature. Degradation of DDT to DDE was faster at higher temperatures.

Exposure of non‐sterilized and sterilized soils treated with ¹⁴C‐DDT to sunlight in quartz and dark tubes for 6 weeks resulted in significant losses. Volatilization and mineralization in quartz tubes were more as compared to dark tubes. The volatilized organics from the quartz tubes contained larger amounts of p,p'‐DDE than the dark tubes. Further, higher rates of volatilization were found in non‐sterilized soils than in sterilized soils. The results suggest that faster dissipation of DDT from soil under local conditions relates predominantly to increased volatilization as influenced by high temperature and intense solar radiation.     

内蒙古草原光合有效辐射的计算方法

2002年夏季,对内蒙古草原太阳分光辐射以及气象因素进行了同步观测。依据一定的物理基础,在对实测资料进行分析的基础上,计算得到了内蒙古草原地区光合有效辐射某一时段累计值的经验公式。实际天气条件下,计算结果与观测值比较接近,该经验公式的适用性亦比较好。根据不同条件,可以选择不同的因子来计算光合有效辐射。当选择全部因子时,计算值与观测值的最大相对偏差为8 13%,平均相对偏差为2 45%。研究表明,大气中所有物质对光合有效辐射的吸收作用小于它们的散射作用。      

三相内循环流化床光催化反应器及其光辐射传递规律

提出并建立了三相内循环流化床光催化反应器 ,对其内部光辐射传递规律进行了研究 .结果表明 ,在气固相共同作用下(通气量>0.3m³/h) ,光强的径向分布服从指数衰减规律 ,与Rose公式中通过均匀悬浊介质时的光强分布规律一致 .光辐射能的数值受初始光强 .催化剂颗粒浓度和液层厚度的共同影响 .通气量只影响床层流化状态 ,对光强分布影响可以忽略 .对罗丹明B的光催化降解实验表明 ,三相内循环流化床的光催化效率高于传统的悬浆式反应床 ,本系统的最佳催化剂浓度为10～12g/L .     

172nm真空紫外辐射降解水相有机染料的机理研究

研究了氙准分子灯的172nm真空紫外辐射对水相有机染料枣红的分解机理.氙准分子灯为平面状结构,反应溶液作为灯的一端电极直接与灯表面接触.分别在枣红溶液中通入氧气和氮气以及加入KCl,以具体确定172nm辐射对枣红分子的降解是通过直接光分解还是自由基起作用.研究结果表明,在枣红的降解过程中,直接光分解起主要作用,光降解过程符合准一级动力学反应,光量子产率为6 8×10 - 3mol·eistein- 1 .在HO·、HO2 ·和O2 ·- 自由基作用下,枣红的降解在10min后偏离了准一级反应.枣红降解效率达到约80 %后,COD去除率开始增大.GC MS分析表明,在光分解和热氧化作用下,枣红分子在降解过程中形成了许多小分子碎片.     

UV-B辐射增强对亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的影响

通过共培养的方法,研究了亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争关系对UV-B辐射增强的响应变化．结果表明,不同的接种密度对亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争有明显的影响．当亚历山大藻(A)和赤潮异弯藻(H)的接种比例为A：H=1：4时,赤潮异弯藻在与亚历山大藻的竞争中占优势;当接种比例为A：H=1：1和A：H=4：1时,亚历山大藻在竞争中占优势．UV—B辐射增强可改变亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的关系,使赤潮异弯藻的种群竞争能力降低,使亚历山大藻的种群竞争能力大大提高,从而导致亚历山大藻在处理Ⅱ(A：H=1：1)和处理Ⅲ(A：H=4：1)中的优势地位更加明显．     

中国地表净辐射推算方法的研究

利用我国气象系统现有的50个净辐射站1993-2000年的辐射及相关气象资料,采用5种方法计算地表净辐射月值,结果表明:论文构建的多因子综合法是一种误差最小、精度最高的推算方法,平均相对误差为0.348,4至9月误差在0.20以下,可用于全年各月地表净辐射的推算;其次为Chang Jen_Hu修正式和Penman修正式,平均相对误差都在0.64以下,误差小于0.20的站月数约占半数左右,4至9月误差都在0.25以下,可用于植物生长期间的地表净辐射推算。各种方法推算的平均相对误差,都具有北部地区明显大于南部地区,冬半年（11至2月）明显大于夏半年（3至10月）的时空分布特征。     

活性炭吸附硫化氢及微波辐照解吸研究

研究了两种活性炭对硫化氢的平衡吸附性能力,并对活性炭床层的穿透性进行了考察;吸附饱和和活性炭在微波辐射的作用下进行解吸。实验表明,解吸效率与微波作用时间及温度有关,在本实验条件下H2S解吸效率达90．1％。     

沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸机理及相关计算理论模型研究

剖析了沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸 (BLEVE)的发生、发展过程 ,阐述了其机理及相关条件 ,研究并提出了两种BLEVE火球热辐射模拟计算理论模型 ,即近地面和抬升火球模型 ,以及爆炸超压模型。与有关实验结果比较和与已有模型的对比计算表明了所建模型的有效性