不同通风条件下柴油池火的实验研究

为了分析不同通风条件对柴油池火燃烧特性及引燃特性的影响,进行205 mm带水垫层柴油池火的引燃实验,通过对池火燃料的质量损失速率、火焰高度、温度及热辐射等的监测,分析通风环境中柴油池火的热传递规律。结果表明:当风速为0.5 m/s时,火灾进入旺盛阶段的时间提前,火焰平均温度最高;当风速为1 m/s时,风速的增加导致油池火的质量损失速率增加,位于主火源下风向的待引燃火源获得的热辐射通量增大,火灾旺盛阶段火焰的平均温度降低,火焰高度降低,下风向相邻油盘引燃的时间提前;1 m/s情况下,205 mm带水垫层柴油池火的安全间距需增加到1D以上;通风环境对池火发展及蔓延的影响是显著的,应适当加大下风向可燃物的安全间距,合理选择通风排烟风速,优化火灾应急救援策略。     

铀矿开采对环境的影响及治理的特殊性

从铀矿开采对环境影响的特殊性着手．详细分析了铀矿山开采对环境造成的放射性这一特殊影响,同时也对目前广泛应用的一些处理方法做了简明的介绍。     

A Graphical Method for the Estimation of Radiation Hazards from a Crowded Multiple Antenna Site

Summary The major objective of the design of safe crowded transmitting antenna sites is not only to determine a safe zone around each individual antenna; rather, to establish safety areas at the antenna site itself, as well as, at the neighboring areas. The requirement is to ascertain the safety regions by considering the following parameters at each Test Point (TP) (or area segment): the contribution of N co-located radiating antennas to the total radiation incident at the TP, the radiation pattern of each antenna, the near/far field region of each antenna, and most importantly, the different Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) associated with each operating frequency at the antenna site. Implementation of all the above-mentioned aspects in a suitable computer requires resources that only expert knowledgeable organizations possess. The graphically aided tool presented in this paper facilitates the calculation of a “safety zone” for RADHAZ around a crowded antenna site from the knowledge of the “safety ranges” which correspond to the individual transmitting antennas comprising it.     

南黄海Ms6.1地震电磁辐射特征

介绍了长江三角洲观测台网记录到的南黄海６．１级地震电磁辐射异常，并结合１９７９年溧阳Ｍｓ６．０、１９８４年南黄海Ｍｓ６．２地震前的电磁辐射观测资料及国内其它资料，分析了异常的主要特征。初步讨论了ＤＰＪ型电磁辐射观测仪的甚低频段及ＵＬＦ型地震电磁信息观测仪的超低频段天线方向特性对震中预测的意义问题     

Environmental justice: A louisiana case study

The paper begins with a brief analysis of the concepts of environmental justice and environmental racism and classism. The authors argue that pollution- and environment-related decision-making is prima facie wrong whenever it results in inequitable treatment of individuals on the basis of race or socio-economic status. The essay next surveys the history of the doctrine of free informed consent and argues that the consent of those affected is necessary for ensuring the fairness of decision-making for siting hazardous facilities. The paper also points out that equal opportunity to environmental protection and free informed consent are important rights. Finally, it presents a case study on the proposed uranium enrichment facility near Homer, Louisiana and argues that siting the plant would violate norms of distributive equity and free informed consent. It concludes that siting the facility is a case of environmental injustice and likely an example of environmental racism or classism.     

油田放射性测井对人体的损伤及防护对策

在油田放射性测井过程中，对人体产生损伤的决定因素是人体对辐射的敏感程度，所受辐射剂量的大小及受照条件。通过对２９９人的个人剂量监测数据进行分析，指出放射性测井中主要的损伤是长期小剂量慢性效应，并针对性地提出了相应的防护措施。     

Thermal radiation hazards and separation distances for industrial cellulose nitrate

Many forms of industrial cellulose nitrate burn fiercely with the emission of large quantities of thermal radiation. Models are considered for predicting the variation with distance of the irradiance from burning cellulose nitrate. These models are evaluated using data from HSE and German trials. An approach to setting quantity safety distances for cellulose nitrate is given.     

四川原煤及其废渣与制品放射性的测试分析

本文介绍了四川原煤及其废渣与制品的γ辐射剂量率、附加γ辐射人均年有效剂量量。同时,用低本底Ge(Li)多道γ能谱仪测定了原煤、矸粉与矸砖,煤渣与煤渣砖、粉煤灰及粘土砖等样品中的天然放射性核素~(238)U,~(232)Th,~(226)Ra,~(40)K的比活度。经比较和研究,找出了这些物质的放射性水平及它们彼此之间的规律。     

电离辐射防护涂料的研究

针对电离辐射的危害及防护,重点介绍了具有吸收、屏蔽射线功能的防辐射涂料的构成及要求。报导了一种对χ—射线(γ—射线)具有良好的屏蔽、吸收功能的涂料的研制过程和测试结果。该涂料由一种单相、均匀、化学性质稳定、分散性能优良、有较优的屏蔽能力的无机固熔体填料,配以经改性的耐高温骨架材料而构成。该涂料施工方便、涂膜光亮、无公害,可望在广泛的领域内有大的应用前景。     

煤灰渣利用中对人群所产生辐射影响的评价

煤的开发与利用产生了大量的灰，渣等固体废物，占用大量土地，污染土壤和水源，成为四大公害之一，因而对煤灰，渣的治理和综合利用一直受到人们的关注。然而，由于煤灰渣中的天然放射性水平较高，因此，在煤灰渣的综合利用，尤其在用作建筑材料时，不可避免地要受到其放射性核素的危害。本文在对四川省各燃煤电厂排放灰渣中的^238U,^232Th,^220R,^40X并无然放射性核素进行分析和研究的基础上，用UNSCEAR1982年报告所推荐的计算模式估算了各电厂煤灰渣制度建材对公众所产生的附加辐射剂量，评价了煤灰制度建材对环境和人群所产生的辐射影响，并提出了控制煤灰渣在建材中的最大掺合量，为其它作用的使用煤灰渣提出了科学的理论依据。