太阳辐射对纯液体蒸发行为影响的实验研究

通过蒸发实验,考察了太阳辐射对液体苯、甲苯和乙醇蒸发行为的影响.实验结果表明,苯和甲苯表面温度随时间呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,而乙醇则呈现出先降低后恒定的趋势,且环境风速越大,这种变化趋势就越明显.液体表面温度的变化不但与太阳辐射强度以及环境风速的大小有关,还与液体本身的物理性质(如热容、蒸发潜热和饱和蒸气压)有关.因此,在预测液体的蒸发速率时,必须考虑太阳辐射或周围热辐射源对液体表面温度的影响.     

增强UV-B辐射对小麦叶片黄酮类化合物日变化的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,初步研究了UV-B辐射对灌浆期小麦叶片中黄酮类化合物含量日变化的影响.结果发现,UV-B胁迫条件下,黄酮类化合物含量明显上升,而胁迫解除后,其含量下降,与对照组间差异逐渐减小.合成黄酮类化合物的关键性酶--苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的变化也表现出大致相同的趋势.同时,UV-B辐射对小麦叶片净光合速率没有影响,但使其夜闯呼吸速率显著加强 .这些结果表明,小麦在UV-B胁迫解除前后黄酮类化合物的持续波动可能是植物在UV-B辐射条件下光合能力未受影响而生物量明显下降的一个重要原因.     

不同布置方式220 kV变电所对周围环境的电磁辐射分布

通过对不同布置方式220 kV电压等级变电所在运行中对周围环境产生的工频电场、磁感应强度和无线电干扰的监测分析,了解了不同布置方式220 kV电压等级变电所对周围环境电磁辐射的分布规律.指出在建设220 kV电压等级变电所的同时,只要做好建筑屏蔽和电缆入地等工作,就可以降低对周围环境的电磁辐射影响.     

测量工频电磁场应注意的问题

根据高压输变电线路下工频电磁场测量工作的经验,提出应正确选择电磁辐射测量仪器,注重选择测量点位和高度,减少人为干扰和减小环境因素对测量的影响等,从而提高工频电磁场测量的准确性和可靠性.     

对新疆当前电磁辐射环境管理的认识

随着现代科学技术的进步和发展,在电磁辐射的运用范围越来越广的同时其污染水平也在不断增高,人类生存的环境也在不断受到电磁辐射的影响,加强电磁辐射环境管理已势在必行。通信系统电磁辐射应是新疆当前电磁辐射环境管理的重点。     

Photoenhanced toxicity of a weathered oil onCeriodaphnia dubia reproduction

Traditionally, the toxic effects of petroleum have been investigated by conducting studies in the absence of ultraviolet radiation (UV). Photomediated toxicity is often not considered, and the toxic effects of an oil spill can be grossly underestimated. The toxicity of a weathered oil collected from a monitoring well at an abandoned oil field toCeriodaphnia dubia was examined in the presence of UV. A solar simulator equipped with UVB, UVA, and cool white lamps was used to generate environmentally comparable solar radiation intensities.C. dubia were exposed to six concentrations of water accommodated fractions (WAF) of weathered oil in conjunction with three levels of laboratory simulated UV (Reference = < 0.002 μW/cm²UVB; 3.0 μW/cm² UVA; Low = 0.30 μW/cm² UVB; 75.0 μW/cm² UVA; High = 2.0 μW/cm² UVB; 340.0 μW/cm² UVA) and visible light. Seven day static renewal bioassays were used to characterize WAF/UV toxicity. WAF toxicity significantly (p < 0.05) increased when the organisms were exposed to WAF in the presence of UV. The photoenhanced toxicity of the WAF increased with WAF concentration within each UV regime. Relative to the reference light regime, the average number of neonates from adults exposed to 1.6 mg TPH/L decreased significantly by 20% within the low light regime, and by 60% within the high light regime. These results indicate that organisms exposed to dissolved-phase weathered oil in the presence of environmentally realistic solar radiation, exhibit 1.3–2.5 times greater sensitivity, relative to organisms exposed under traditional laboratory fluorescent lighting.     

Tolerance of an Albino Fish to Ultraviolet-B Radiation

We exposed albino and pigmented medakaOryzias latipes to simulated solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation to determine if albino medaka were less tolerant of UVB radiation than medaka pigmented with melanin. There was no difference in the number of albino and pigmented medaka that died during the exposure period. Spectrophotometric analyses of the outer dorsal skin layers from albino and pigmented medaka indicated that, prior to exposure, both groups of fish had similar amounts of an apparent colorless non-melanin photoprotective substance that appears to protect other fish species from UVB radiation. Our results indicate that albino medaka were as tolerant of UVB radiation as pigmented medaka because they had similar amounts of this photoprotective substance in the outer layers of the skin.     

成都双流机场低能见度发生规律初探

双流机场全年近1／3的日子有低见度天气出现,最多的冬季平均日数达到的总数的80％,而且低能见度有明显的季节变化和日变化。低能见度主要由辐射雾造成。二次低能见度天气为其特点,主是由弱冷空气进入暖湿气团所致。     

电磁辐射场对工业微生物生长的影响

为研究电磁辐射场对微生物细胞的“非热效应”,选用几株工业微生物（产L－精氨酸钝齿棒状杆菌A6,产L－赖氨酸钝齿棒状杆菌LB6和产胞内SOD酶酵母菌S1）进行了初步探讨,试验结果表明,置于2μm-1mm频段电磁场接受辐射处理后的试验样本细胞对热的承受能力提高,表现为在较高温度下细胞生长速度的增加,处于对数生长期的细胞对辐射刺激有更明显的敏感反应,较低pH可以一定程度地强化辐射处理的效果,试验结果还进一步证明了以上效应产生于电磁辐射场的“非热效应”,而不是简单的热效应或微生物的自发突变。