Indoor radon in a Spanish region with different gamma exposure levels

In the beginning of 1990s within the framework of a national radon survey of more than 1500 points, radon measurements were performed in more than 100 houses located in Galicia region, in the Northwest area of Spain. The houses were randomly selected only bearing in mind general geological aspects of the region. Subsequently, a nationwide project called MARNA dealt with external gamma radiation measurements in order to draw a Spanish natural radiation map. The comparison in Galicia between these estimations and the indoor radon levels previously obtained showed good agreement. With the purpose of getting a confirmation of this relationship and also of creating a radon map of the zone, a new set of measurements were carried out in 2005. A total of 300 external gamma radiation measurements were carried out as well as 300 measurements of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K content in soil. Concerning radon, 300 1-m-depth radon measurements in soil were performed, and indoor radon concentration was determined in a total of 600 dwellings. Radon content in soil gave more accurate indoor radon predictions than external gamma radiation or (226)Ra concentration in soil.     

UV-B增加对麦田杂草看麦娘的影响

在大田群体条件下，研究了UV-B增加对麦田杂草发生、生长和种子产量的影响。结果表明：UV-B强度增加，看麦娘的密度显著增加；在小麦生育前期，看麦娘的单株茎蘖数下降，而在中后期显著增加；UV-B增加对小麦中后期看麦娘的生长有一定的促进效应；看麦娘叶片的叶绿素和类黄酮含量均表现为增加的趋势。在未来紫外线增加的条件下，看麦娘对小麦生产的影响可能会不断增加。     

UV-B增加对菠菜生长发育和品质的影响

研究了在大田栽培和自然光的条件下，模拟紫外辐射的增加对菠菜生长发育和品质的影响。生长指标的分析结果表明，随着UV-B辐射的增加，菠菜的干质量、叶面积、绿叶数、株高生长均呈降低趋势，而且随着UV-B越强，降低程度越大，并在一定程度上延缓植株生长。品质指标的分析结果表明，UV-B辐射增强，菠菜叶片的可溶性糖质量分数降低，维生素C质量分数降低，随UV-B辐射强度增大，可溶性糖和维生素C质量分数降低的幅度愈大；UV-B辐射增强，菠菜叶片的蛋白质和抗坏血酸表现为质量分数升高，但当UV-B辐射超过一定强度，二者又表现为低于对照。     

增强UV-B辐射对植物的影响

综述了大气臭氧层的减少是影响地面UV-B辐射增强的主要因素,并进一步简述了增强UV-B辐射对陆生植物影响的最新研究进展。UV-B辐射一方面在分子水平上直接或间接地损害植物的DNA分子和蛋白质的结构,从而影响植物的各种生理生化过程影响;另一方面对植物的形态学特征(如叶表皮结构和花的形态结构等)产生广泛的影响。过强的UV-B辐射穿过叶表皮后直接对植物的光合系统、膜系统和植物生长调控激素等方面产生影响,从而会在植株个体、种群和生态系统等层次上表现出来。增强UV-B辐射作为全球变化因子,可导致敏感植物种类的死亡或退化,较能忍耐UV-B辐射的耐荫树种比阳生树种的适应性更强,能竞争到更多的利用资源,因此,在全球UV-B辐射增强下阳生树种可能会提早退出植物群落,这对森林群落的演替更新会起着重要的作用。文章还综述了UV-B辐射与其它污染胁迫因子和环境因子的复合作用共同对植物产生的影响,以及植物对UV-B辐射的防御和修复等防护对策,提出了今后要加强对生态系统的大尺度、长时间的宏观研究,以及开展增强UV-B辐射对地下生态学,对DNA的修复与表达机理,对植物信号接收和传导的新途径等方面的研究。     

植物对UV-B辐射响应的种内差异及机理探讨

综述了在增强UV -B辐射下植物响应存在的种内差异 ,这些差异主要包括生长发育、形态结构、生理生化以及UV -B吸收物质 (即经UV -B辐射后体内诱导产生的保护物质 )等方面 ,并初步探讨了差异形成的DNA基础 ,从而为今后的植物防护研究提供理论基础。     

Radon and lung cancer in Finland: are there signs of radiation hormesis?

Prolonged exposure to any level of radon in indoor air is generally thought to be hazardous to human health and to give rise to lung cancer. On the other hand, low or moderate levels of radon in indoor air may, according to the radiation hormesis hypothesis, be beneficial to human health and even inhibit the growth of cancerous cells. An attempt is made here to test these contrasting views by comparing mortality rates from lung cancer during the 10-year period 1986–1995 with average indoor radon levels in the 435 communes (municipalities) of Finland (excluding Åland). The results show a very low, statistically non-significant correlation between radon and lung cancer mortality (r=–0.0331), which in turn implies that at least in this case neither the possible beneficial hormetic effect of radon nor its cancer-provoking hazardous effect can make itself apparent against the dominant and masking effect of cigarette smoking, the main cause of lung cancer.     

新型地下水及设施的污染控制技术

利用核辐射法治理生物堵塞地下水井,在众多有希望的辐射净水技术中被证明是成功的和具有明显经济效益的工艺方法。描述了此项技术在德国、捷克、美国和俄国的应用和获得的经验．利用核辐射水力屏障法成功地就地净化了被氰化物污染的地下水,使出水中的氰化物浓度降低了一数量级。     

After 35 years,have we made progress: A government perspective

The use of irradiation to improve the safety, protect the nutritional benefits, and preserve the quality of fresh and processed foods is a well established and proven technology. Over the past 35 years, the United States Government has invested in the science to confirm safety and in the technology to show application. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration have approved sources of ionizing radiation for the treatment of foods, and their application to most meats, fruits, vegetables, and spices. Despite the value of this technology to the food industry and to the health and welfare of the public, only minimal application of this technology occurs. This underscores the importance of increasing the public's understanding of radiation risks relative to other hazards. Accordingly, in 1995, the Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination of the Executive Office of the President made recommendations for the creation of a centralized National Radiation Information Center that would work closely with Federal departments and agencies in responding to public queries about radiation issues and Federal programs. This article updates a commentary published in 1996 (Young 1996). In the past six years, some progress has been made, including the establishment of a government operated Food Irradiation Information Center, and the completion of final rule making by USDA, thus permitting the safe treatment of meats and poultry. Despite these actions, little progress has been made on the public acceptance of this technology. The need for an informed public and for a better understanding of risks, i.e., risk communication, is noted.     

On the plausible association between environmental conditions and human eye damage

The increase in solar ultraviolet radiation can have various direct and indirect effects on human health, like the incidence of ocular damage. Data of eye damage in residents of three suburban regions in Greece and in two groups of monks/nuns and fishermen are examined here. The statistics performed on these data provides new information about the plausible association between increased levels of solar ultraviolet radiation, air-pollution at ground level, and the development of ocular defects.     

磁浮交通技术在长大干线应用中的环境保护研究

在分析上海磁悬浮交通示范线主要环境问题的基础上．从规划选线，工程性污染控制以及管理措施等方面探讨了高速磁浮交通技术在长大干线应用过程中的环境污染防治措施．为磁浮交通长大干线的应用提供环境保护对策建议。