家庭电磁辐射污染及防护

本文讨论了家庭环境中电磁辐射污染的来源、对人体的危害的影响因素和在家庭环境中电磁辐射污染的防护措施.     

大田作物对UV-B辐射的响应及其研究方法现状与展望

目前紫外线对作物影响的研究主要从两个方面进行,即人为模拟增强UV-B辐射和去除UV-B.这两个方面采用了不同的实验方法,但都会在很多环节上产生系统误差,本文概述了误差产生的原因及多种控制措施,并讨论了作物对两种处理的响应差异.相对来说,大田植物对去除UV-B实验响应更大,其生长及生物量的变化更明显;而增强的UV-B辐射对农田或自然生态系统的生产力影响较小,但其在调节农田生态系统过程上有更重要的作用,比如种间竞争、物候期的改变以及由于次生代谢产物的变化而导致营养循环和动物采食发生变化等.为了能更加深入了解UV-B的作用机制,研究者应采用增强和减弱并用的方法进行UV-B辐射研究.参43     

Effect of atmospheric aerosols on UV-B radiation reaching the ground

Solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the ground can be reduced due to light scattering of atmospheric aerosols. Aerosol pollution has led to the decrease in biological active UV-B radiation by about 45% and 10% in city and rural areas, respectively. In populated areas, effect of aerosol scattering on UV-B radiation may offset the increased amount of UV-B caused by ozone depletion, but in clean areas such as two poles, ozone depletion may have great damage effects on ecosystems.     

包头市放射性污染源现状及污染防治对策

通过对全市放射性污染源现状调查 ,摸清了全市放射性源的种类、数量、分布及放射性污染物排放现状以及存在的主要环境问题 ,针对存在的问题 ,提出了减轻污染的防治对策     

全区密封放射源管理中存在的问题及对策和建议

本文概括介绍了我区密封放射源现状，指出了我区密封放射源安全管理中存在的问题，分析了问题产生的主要原因，阐述了尽快解决问题的紧迫性，并提出了解决的对策和建议。     

小龙潭电厂煤灰渣天然放射性调查研究

对小龙潭电厂煤灰渣中天然放射性核素含量、空气中氡及子体水平及外照射空气吸收计量率的研究一经们不能直接用于民用建材，仅用用于公用或露天工程，若与其它低放射性材料适当掺和。则可明显提高射防护的安全性。     

Effects of the Interaction between Genetic Diversity and UV-B Radiation on Wood Frog Fitness

Abstract:  Genetic diversity may buffer amphibian populations against environmental vicissitudes. We hypothesized that wood frogs (  Rana sylvatica ) from populations with lower genetic diversity are more susceptible to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation than those from populations with higher diversity. We used RAPD markers to obtain genetic diversity estimates for 12 wood frog populations. We reared larval wood frogs from these populations and exposed experimental groups of eggs and larvae to one of three treatments: unfiltered sunlight, sunlight filtered through a UV-B-blocking filter (Mylar), and sunlight filtered through a UV-B-transmitting filter (acetate). In groups exposed to UV-B, larval mortality and deformity rates increased significantly, but egg mortality did not. We found a significant negative relationship between genetic diversity and egg mortality, larval mortality, and deformity rates. Furthermore, the interaction between UV-B treatment and genetic diversity significantly affected larval mortality. Populations with low genetic diversity experienced higher larval mortality rates when exposed to UV-B than did populations with high genetic diversity. This is the first time an interaction between genetic diversity and an environmental stressor has been documented in amphibians. Differences in genetic diversity among populations, coupled with environmental stressors, may help explain patterns of amphibian decline.     

陆生植物对UV-B辐射增量响应研究进展

大气同温层的臭氧层逐渐被破坏导致太阳辐射中的UV—B辐射部分抵达地球表面增加，对陆生植物产生不同程度的影响,本文讨论了UV—B辐射对陆生植物在分子和器官水平的影响，植物可能通过UV—B光受体吸收低水平UV—B辐射，并通过不同信息途径转导，这包括钙、激酶和活性氧等，UV—B辐射诱致基因活性变化，并改变植物的形态和功能，暴露在UV—B辐射下大量基因表达发生变化，包括调节编码保护色素、DNA修复蛋白的基因和光合基因等．UV—B辐射引起光合作用、生长和生物量降低，极少数植物增加生物产量，整体群体生物量倾向减少．UV—B辐射对热带亚热带森林树种影响的报道甚少，目前增高UV—B辐射对生态系统的影响应得到重视．参45     

低纬高原城市区域冬季的大气环境与不同波长辐射特征

本文以低纬高原城市昆明市为研究对象，利用城市内外不同波长辐射的实测资料，分析了颥人、外不同波长辐射的分布特征、变化规律及共差异以及与大气环境的相互关系，探讨了城市及大气环境对太阳辐射的影响为城市气候的深入研究以及城市建筑的规划、设计、环境污染防治提供依据，并可为其它地区的同类研究提供参考。     

估算区域蒸发的能量法研究

本文介绍了有关估算区域尺度蒸发的模型研究.通过对我国分别为1878(?),318161,866559km~2的三个区域蒸发的估算,验证了Budyko能量模型的适用性.用该模型分别计算的三个区域蒸发结果与相应区域实测结果比较表明,Budyko的能量模型可以应用于我国不同气候条件和较大尺度区域蒸发的估算.本文对数据处理和区域选择也进行了研究.