Pd/Ti电极上2,4,6-三氯酚还原脱氯:条件优化及降解途径

利用电沉积法制备了Pd/Ti电极,用于2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP)的电还原脱氯.采用单因素实验和响应面分析法,探讨了2,4,6-TCP脱氯试验条件;根据实验结果,拟合出了脱氯中各步骤的反应速率常数.结果表明,2,4,6-TCP初始浓度为80mg/L时,优化的脱氯参数为电流为5mA,支持电解质Na2SO4浓度为0.05mol/L,阴极电解液初始pH值为2.40.在优化条件下, 2,4,6-TCP在80min内完全脱氯; 2,4,6-TCP的还原脱氯符合准一级反应动力学,主要脱氯途径为2,4,6-TCP→2,6-DCP→2-CP→苯酚.     

有机磷农药对不同生物来源的胆碱酯酶选择性抑制的研究

用酶电极法研究了有机磷农药对３种不同生物来源的乙酰胆碱酯酶的选择性抑制,发现敌敌畏对家蝇的ＡｃｈＥ抑制最强,电鳐次之,鸡肝阳弱,同时研究了５种农药对电鳐ＡｃｈＥ的选择性抑制能力,发现９．８×１０＾－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的辛硫磷即可抑制其活性的１０％。     

碳纳米管修饰电极电催化还原去除废水中的氯霉素

为发展废水中抗生素的处理技术、保护水环境质量,采用表面活性剂辅助分散碳纳米管,制备碳纳米管修饰电极,研究了修饰电极对氯霉素的电催化还原能力和动力学特征,初步探讨了氯霉素的还原去除机制.结果表明,双十六烷基磷酸(DHP)可以有效分散碳纳米管,通过优化碳纳米管和DHP的配比、分散液修饰量,制备的碳纳米管修饰电极还原2 mg·L~(-1)氯霉素24 h时的去除率达到97.21%;电催化还原氯霉素的动力学过程符合一级反应动力学模型,去除速率常数为0.157 4 h~(-1),半衰期为4.40 h.采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析法(LC-MS/MS)鉴定了氯霉素的还原产物,分析了氯霉素还原的可能途径,电催化不仅还原了氯霉素中的硝基,还可以进一步还原羰基和脱氯,显著降低氯霉素的毒性.     

基质浓度·电极距离·离子强度对MFC影响的研究

以宜兰酒厂废水处理厂的污泥为菌种来源,构建单槽无膜无介体空气阴极型微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC),通过添加小同浓度的基质、改变阳极与阴极距离及添加不同浓度的NaCl,分别考察了基质浓度、电极距离、离子强度对MFC性能的影响.研究结果表明,伴随基质COD浓度的增加(从300 mg/L增到...     

Nafion修饰电极计时电位溶出法测定水中硝基苯的研究

以Ｎａｆｉｏｎ修饰电极时电位溶出法测定水中硝基苯。讨论了测定条件及富集和电极反应机理。方法的线性范围为２．０－３１μｍｏｌ／ｌ。最低检出浓度为０．９８μｍｏｌ／ｌ；８次平行测定的相对标准偏差为３．４％：回收率为９４．８％－９５．８％。     

不同电极材料对阴极硝化耦合阳极反硝化微生物燃料电池性能的影响

为解决传统MFC反硝化菌在好氧阴极难以富集且脱氮效果差的问题,通过构建石墨MFC和碳刷MFC以阴极硝化耦合阳极反硝化的方式脱氮除碳,并对比分析2种不同电极MFC的性能。结果表明:在相同条件下石墨MFC的最大功率密度为6.71 W·m-3 NC,开路电压为902.13 mV;碳刷MFC的最大功率密度为5.11 W·m-3 NC,开路电压819.04 mV。启动阶段前15 d碳刷MFC的总氮去除率更高,之后石墨MFC的总氮去除率接近100%,碳刷MFC的总氮去除率在95%左右。石墨MFC的COD去除率高达93%,碳刷MFC的COD去除率在83%左右。相比于传统MFC,阴极硝化耦合阳极反硝化MFC不需要调节pH。相比于碳刷电极,石墨电极MFC可以启动和挂膜同时进行,缩短挂膜时间,且产电性能和脱氮除碳效果更好。     

TiO2纳米孔阵列光催化废水燃料电池的性能研究

以模拟有机废水和实际有机废水为研究对象,以TiO2纳米孔阵列电极作光阳极,金属铂黑做阴极,设计了一种光催化废水燃料电池(PFC),用于有机废水处理和废水有机物化学能的综合利用.论文考查了不同实验条件下组成的电池体系的性能,表明基于TiO2纳米孔阵列光阳极的光催化废水燃料电池既能处理废水又能够表现出良好的电池性能,如以0.05mol/L乙酸为底物的光催化废水燃料电池,其开路电压1.16V,短路电流1.28mA/cm2,最大输出功率密度0.28mW/cm2.     

Electrochemical disinfection using the gas diffusion electrode system

A study on the electrochemical disinfection with H_2O_2 generated at the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) from active carbon/poly-tetrafluorcethylene was performed in a non-membrane cell. The effects of Pt load and the pore-forming agent content in GDE, and operating conditions were investigated. The experimental results showed that nearly all bacterial cultures inoculated in the secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plant could be inactivated within 30 min at a current density of 10 mA/cm~2. The disinfection improved with increasing Pt load. Addition of the pore-forming agent NH_4HCO_3 improved the disinfection, while a drop in the pH value resulted in a rapid rise of germicidal efficacy and the disinfection time was shortened with increasing oxygen flow rate. Adsorption was proved to be ineffective in destroying bacteria, while germicidal efficacy increased with current density. The acceleration rate was different, it initially increased with current density. Then decreased, and finally reached a maximum at a current density of 6.7 mA/cm~2. The disinfection also improved with decreasing total bacterial count. The germicidal efficacy in the cathode compartment was approximately the same as in the anode compartment, indicating that the contribution of direct oxidation and the indirect treatment of bacterial cultures by hydroxyl radical was similar to the oxidative indirect effect of the generated H_2O_2.     

超声强化金刚石膜电极电化学降解效率的机制

从电化学氧化的传质过程、吸附与脱附、电极反应3个步骤,考察了超声强化金刚石膜电极(BDD)电化学降解效率的机制.超声对上述3个步骤都有显著影响.超声增强了污染物的传质过程,苯酚和邻苯二甲酸的传质系数分别由5.4×10-6m/s和6.7×10-6m/s增大至2.0×10-5m/s,提高了270%和199%.污染物在BDD电极表面的电化学吸附特性决定了超声对吸附与脱附过程的作用.苯酚的吸附量大,但中间产物难于脱附,超声虽然使得吸附量由6.49×10-10mol/cm2减小至1.39x10-10mol/cm2,但促进了产物的脱附,产生了正效应,有利于直接氧化,氧化峰电流提高了32%;邻苯二甲酸的吸附能力弱,超声使得吸附量由1.25×10-11mol/cm2进一步减小至3.11×10-12mol/cm2,产生了负效应,导致直接氧化消失.超声可以显著提高BDD电极的降解效率,而且对苯酚降解的促进作用更为明显.苯酚的平均电化学氧化能量利用率提高了287%,高于邻苯二甲酸的224%,这主要是因为超声可以同时强化苯酚的直接氧化和间接氧化,但对于邻苯二甲酸,间接氧化得到了加强,却不发生直接氧化.     

Electroreduction of hexavalent chromium using a porous titanium flow-through electrode and intelligent prediction based on a back propagation neural network

● Titanium-based flow-through electrode achieved high Cr(VI) reduction efficiency. ● Flow-through pattern enhanced the mass transfer and reduced cathodic polarization. ● BPNN predicted the optimal electroreduction conditions of flow-through cell. Flow-through electrodes have been demonstrated to be effective for electroreduction of Cr(VI), but shortcomings are tedious preparation and short lifetimes. Herein, porous titanium available in the market was studied as a flow-through electrode for Cr(VI) electroreduction. In addition, the intelligent prediction of electrolytic performance based on a back propagation neural network (BPNN) was developed. Voltametric studies revealed that Cr(VI) electroreduction was a diffusion-controlled process. Use of the flow-through mode achieved a high limiting diffusion current as a result of enhanced mass transfer and favorable kinetics. Electroreduction of Cr(VI) in the flow-through system was 1.95 times higher than in a parallel-plate electrode system. When the influent (initial pH 2.0 and 106 mg/L Cr(VI)) was treated at 5.0 V and a flux of 51 L/(h·m²), a reduction efficiency of ~99.9% was obtained without cyclic electrolysis process. Sulfate served as the supporting electrolyte and pH regulator, as reactive CrSO₇²⁻ species were formed as a result of feeding HSO₄⁻. Cr(III) was confirmed as the final product due to the sequential three-electron transport or disproportionation of the intermediate. The developed BPNN model achieved good prediction accuracy with respect to Cr(VI) electroreduction with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.943). Additionally, the electroreduction efficiencies for various operating inputs were predicted based on the BPNN model, which demonstrates the evolutionary role of intelligent systems in future electrochemical technologies.