中国废弃电器电子产品回收体系发展现状及建议研究

随着中国电子产业的飞速发展和人们消费水平的提高,电器电子产品的拥有量和报废量都持续攀升,废弃电器电子产品(以下简称“废电器”)已成为中国增长速度最快的固体废弃物之一。如何规范有效的回收废电器,建立正规回收渠道,完善回收管理体系是中国废电器管理面临的难题之一。通过对中国废电器的定义、特点以及回收链特征进行概述,结合中国废电器回收体系的发展现状,综合分析回收体系建立的必要性,对中国废电器回收体系管理提出对策和建议。     

道路车辆电工电子设备高加速应力筛选和稽核

成熟的汽车企业已经将高加速环境应力筛选和稽核引入装车电工电子设备的研发、试产和批量供货的管理中,其需求已进入国内检测市场。在讨论了高加速寿命试验(HALT)基础上,介绍并讨论高加速应力筛选(HASS)和稽核(HASA)的各项要素和实验室要求。     

发控盒散热设计的热仿真及热测试分析

目的对某发射装置发控盒进行散热设计和热分析。方法基于热仿真软件FLOTHERM建立热仿真模型,对该设备进热仿真分析,以得到该设备内部温度分布云图及温升明显元器件的温度值,然后对该设备进行热测试。结果热仿真和热测试结果表明,发控盒内存在发热大、温升较高的元器件,但所有元器件温度均在允许的正常工作温度范围内。结论通过热分析可知,该设备的热设计基本满足要求,并为结构设计的优化提供了依据。     

电子废物拆解区农业土壤中PCNs的污染水平、分布特征与来源解析

用GC-NCI-MS法测定了路桥农业表层土壤中46种多氯萘(PCNs)的含量.目的是了解该地区表层土壤中PCNs的污染水平、空间分布特征和来源.结果表明,所有表层土壤样品中ΣPCNs的含量为0.062～2.92 ng.g-1,平均值为0.630 ng.g-1.多数样品中tetra-CNs和penta-CNs是最主要的同族体,分别占18.4%～88.8%(平均值为46.7%)和8.40%～53.1%(平均值为30.7%),其次是tri-CNs,范围为0～47.3%,平均值为10.6%.聚类分析和燃烧指示物分析表明,采样点主要受Halowax1014和Halowax 1013工业品污染,PCBs工业品和电子废物燃烧也可能对污染有贡献.与国内外其它研究相比,研究区域内土壤中PCNs污染处于中等水平.     

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 resin: Applications for the separation and preconcentration of trace metal ions prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

A simple, sensitive column solid-phase extraction procedure for separation and preconcentration of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked and natural water samples using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 (XAD-4-DHN) chelating resin prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was discussed. The optimum experimental parameters such as pH, volume of sample and eluent, flow-rates of uptake and stripping, and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, were evaluated. The effect of the electrolytes and the cations on the preconcentration of metal ions was also investigated. The chelating resin could be reused for more than 20 cycles of sorption–desorption without any significant change (<1.0%). Recoveries obtained from this method range from 96 to 102% with R.S.D of 2.50 (n = 4). The detection limits for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were found to be 1.9, 0.9, 1.2 µg, and 1.4 µg L^?1, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked, tap water, and river water samples.     

2种UASB的ANAMMOX与反硝化协同作用对比研究

采用2套UASB-ANAMMOX反应器处理垃圾渗滤液,其中反应器2具有生物膜,对反应器在有机环境下的ANAMMOX与反硝化协同作用进行对比研究。在稳定期,反应器1和反应器2对氨氮、亚硝氮、TIN、COD的平均去除率分别为95.7%、95.9%、77.3%、70.3%和97.4%、96.4%、87.2%、74.8%。反应器1对TIN和COD最大容积去除率为112.2和107.7 g/(m3.d),反应器2对TIN和COD最大容积去除率为120.5和119.9 g/(m3.d)。结果表明,过高的负荷会对反应器产生抑制作用,且当抑制产生后协同作用难以恢复到原来水平。在厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用良好时,pH值和碱度均存在特征性变化。总体上,反应器2比反应器1具有更强的厌氧氨氧化与反硝化协同作用和抗负荷冲击能力。     

道路车辆电气电子设备温度/湿度组合循环试验要点

温度/湿度组合循环试验本质上是一项气候环境的加速试验,失效较为集中。这里列出了若干关于试验的要点,供产品研发和试验人员把握。     

红外热像仪在电子设备热设计检查中的应用

在电子设备的研制和设计阶段,热测试与分析是热设计中的重要环节。本文阐述了利用红外热像仪对电子设备关键部位进行热测试,检测电子设备内部温度分布情况,并与设计目标进行比较与纠正,从而达到热设计的最终目的。     

Eco-Efficiency of Electric and Electronic Appliances: A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

Several papers have studied the eco-efficiency of manufacturing systems to address strategic socioeconomic issues in the context of sustainability analysis. Their goal has been to take into account not only environmental impact aspects throughout the whole life cycle but also to incorporate the associated economic value as well, thus, giving a comprehensive vision of both factors. This paper focuses on different commonplace household electric appliances, comparing their eco-efficiency computed using a data envelopment analysis model. We consider the retail price as a measure of the product’s economic value and the ecopoint LCA score as the assessment of its environmental impact. We conclude that cell phones and the bulky analyzed appliances have the highest eco-efficiency scores, whereas the rest would require a more environmentally friendly redesign and/or an increase in their perceived value to improve their eco-efficiency.     

大型复杂电子系统电子元器件选用与管理方法研究

电子元器件是组成电子系统的最小单元,电子元器件的选用与管理是电子系统设计中最关键的一步,也是系统质量和可靠性的基础。本文从电子元器件管理架构、电子元器件的优选以及进口电子元器件的选用控制等方面提出了一套大型复杂电子系统电子元器件选用与管理方法,以加强和规范系统电子元器件的管理和选用,提高大型复杂电子系统的质量和可靠性。